The Wife of Bath :: essays research papers

Sovereignty or believing that a happy controvert is one in which the wife has control is the backbone to the story of the wife of bath. When the wife of bath finishes telling her story there are no comments from the separate pilgrims. The thoughts of both the parson and the knight will be depicted as I imagine them to be in response to her tale. I can await the parson looking to his left, explaining his displeasures to the monk. They talk of her story with the parson sharing his ideals, and the monk just smiling back, looking him in the eye and chuckling. The parson who attempts to live his bread and butter as an ideal for others was app every last(predicate)ed to learn of the wife of baths four husbands and as she told how she gained control over the fifth one by faking her death, the parson lost all religious respect for her. The parson hates to think, and totally disagrees with her theory that being over powered by a char would make any marriage happy, personally he would b e unhappy, and would never be with a woman who didnt fallow the word of god.. The parson would have wanted the knight who sacked the woman instead of becoming the hero of tale, to be punished in order to be fair to the others who have been punished before him. The knight whose very command of notice emphasizes chivalry, truth and honor would be totally disgusted to hear that in the tale by the wife of bath that a knight raped women. He would be angry at the wife for choosing a knight when any type of person could be chosen to represent the male in her tale. This talk of a woman dominated house hold would not be something that would be a ideal to the manly knight whose dignity and place allow him to stand apart from the rest. The wife of baths history as a person would make him think twice about anything she had to say, as she has little honor but what she lacks in honor she makes up with in pride. The tale ends with a knights ending they live happily ever after. The knight would have no line of work with most of the story although be aggravated by pessimistic rhetoric of his fellow knights.Question 3Love of money is the root of all disgust is a lesson that we could all learn in addition to the theme of the pardoners tale.

Importance of Mountains in Kerouacs Dharma Bums and Barthelmes The Gl

Importance of Mountains in Kerouacs Dharma Bums and Barthelmes The icing Mountain Mountains are significant in the writing of Jack Kerouac and Donald Barthelme as symbolic representations of achievement and the isolation of an individual(a) from the masses of the operative class in industrialized capitalist American society. The mountains, depicted by Kerouac and Barthelme, rise above the American landscape as sublime entities whose peaks are touched by few enduring and brave souls. The mountains of Kerouacs The Dharma Bums symbolize personal freedom and accomplishment through achieving a connection with nature conflicting from the constraints of materialism and a polluted industrialized American society. Barthelmes Glass Mountain, however, envisions a mountain removed from nature as a modern skyscraper office building, an edifice that embodies the degradation of an emerging American society in the 1960s that is in search of the American Dream through material o r monetary gains. The Glass Mountain remarks on the movement of Americans away from nature, religion, and gentlemans gentlemanity as they look to false golden idols (the golden castle at the go across of the mountain) for inspiration to be successful, while Kerouacs The Dharma Bums emphasizes a return to nature and devout religiousness to inspire virtues of charity, kindness, humility, zeal, tranquility, wisdom, and ecstasy (p. 5). The top of the mountain, for both authors, represents a fearful ascent from the masses of the working class huddled in polluted cities in order to achieve a heightened state of knowledge and success, but both explorers fall short of straight fulfillment because they are never far removed from human flaws of greed, excess, and materia... ...est of the world from the top is better than actually doing it. The mountains also represent the struggle of the lower classes in American society to achieve wealth for the sake of happiness and fulfill ment. What Americans seeking wealth do not realize is that the top is a lonely place, innocuous of the longing for material possession that keeps them going in life. The thrill of climbing the mountain, or the corporate ladder, is always more rewarding than looking down from the top to see the ugliness of the city below and regretting that they must return to this ugliness of competition and greed in order to sustain their own pitiful human existence. Bibliography Barthelme, Donald. The Glass Mountain. The New American Poetry., Allen, Donald, ed. Berkeley, Ca. U. Calif. Press, 1999. Kerouac, Jack. The Dharma Bums. New York Penguin., 1976.

Witches :: essays research papers

WitchesAmerican history has few subjects as interesting as witchcraft, becauseit confronts us with many Ideas about women. It confronts us with fears aboutwomen, the location of women in society, and with women themselves. Also, itconfronts us with violence against women and how the problems of society wereoften blamed on women. Even though around men were executed as during periods ofwitch hunting, witches were generally thought of as women and most who died inthe name of witchcraft were women. In the United States, witchcraft took placeamong too educated of people to dismiss it as mere "superstition." (P.10)The first person that was executed, as a witch, in America was MargaretJones, in 1648. Jones was a midwife and lay healer, who was accused of severaldifferent practices. Minister John Hale, who witnessed Joness hanging in Bostonwhen he was a boy, later said that she "was suspected partially because that aftersome angry words passing between her and her Neighbors, some mischief befellsuch neighbors in their Creatures, or the like and partly because some things conjectural to be bewitched, or have a Charm upon them, being burned, she came tothe fire and seemed concerned." (P.20) Hale included neither of these charges inhis list of the evidence presented against Jones, but suggested that the crimeshad to do with her medical practice. She was accused of having a "malignanttouch," Hale noted, and her medicines were said to have "extra nondescript violenteffects." When people refused to take her medical advice, he added, "theirdiseases and hurts continued, with relapse against the ordinary course, andbeyond the apprehension of all physicians and surgeons."(P.21) Hale alsomentioned that Jones was believed to possess psychic powers "some things whichshe foretold came to pass accordingly other things she could tell of ... shehad no ordinary way of life to come to the knowledge of."(P.20) John Hale pointed outthat several of Joness neighbors tried to get her to confess and repent. Oneof them, he said, "prayed her to consider if God did not catch this punishmentupon her for some other crime, and asked, if she had not been guilty of stealingmany years ago." (P.22)Jones admitted the theft, but she refused to accept it asa reason for her conviction as a witch. Hales writings, on the other hand,showed that stealing, and other crimes such as fornication and infanticide, wereregularly associated with witchcraft, by both the clergy and the largerpopulation . . . " (p. 22)     This first account, in Karlsens study, brings to the come out of the closet some of

Free Hamlet Essays: An Eye for an Eye :: Shakespeare Hamlet Essays

An Eye for an Eye in settlement Claudius is justly punished for the murder of king Hamlet. The punishment fits the crime because his brothers son killed him. King Hamlet killed by the brother killed by the kings son. He was murdered. It was pay backbone, what goes around comes around an eye for and eye and a tooth for a tooth What these two quotes are mainly grammatical construction is that you get what you give. Claudius took his brothers life therefore his life was taken away. Not only did Claudius kill his brother to marry his wife and take over his throne, besides he caused the deaths of the queen, king Hamlet, Polonius and Ophelia. Hamlet was told by the ghost of king hamlet to get back at Claudius for his death, or his soul will travel on solid ground forever. Even before hamlet knew about Claudius killing his father he had problems. It made hamlet mad that his mother would marry so fast and with his uncle. What Claudius did was an outrageous, back stabbing, and unbelieva ble thing. It was clearly an act of jealousy for his brothers throne and the wife. Claudius did pay back for his actions. Claudius lost his wife, his messenger, and died and even after his death kept loosing because he lost his fortress to Fortinbras. Not only was Claudius punished by Hamlet but God also punished him. The reason that God punished Claudius, is because everyone he cared for and who helped him died. Polonius and Queen Gertrude. Polonius was killed by hamlet, when hamlet thought that he had killed the king. Claudius killed queen Gertrude with the poison whine that he had prepared for hamlet. He killed the one he loved instead of the one he wanted to kill. Claudius was even punished after death. His throne and whole castle was taken over by Fortinbras. Not only where his wife and friend dead, but he later died himself by his brothers son. Claudius killed and his turn to die came, but it took some time and other people to die too. Claudius was punished for the queens death because although he did not intention wholey mean to kill her, he watched her drink the poison that he had prepared for hamlet. He knew that she was going to die, but he didnt say anything because he was all for himself.

Business at Work :: Papers

Business at Work Using the peter drucker- The practise of heed We can see Coca cola is successfully achieving its objectives. Profitability- The primary goal of any profit-making organisation is to increase earning per market. Also coca cola is also exploit its profits Marketing sh ar and standing- Cooperate marketing objectives can cover areas such as what products are to be sold in which markets, whether or non the organisation should aim to be the market leader in terms of pricing or product development. Productivity- coca-cola produces different brands of products for its customers, brands like diet coke, fanta, coke, and sprite. E.t.c. With all this products coca cola sells, it increases its revenue making the organisation make profit. Management and employee performance- this covers the development of good management and employee relations. Coca cola usually motivate its employees by prominent their employees leaves and promotions coca cola also operate an equal opportunity policy. Technical innovation- coca cola has to decide whether or not it should aim to be a technical innovator in terms of its products, or whether it should follow the lead or somebody else. Social and public responsibility- Coca cola usually donate money to the less privilege and also take precautions in the ingredients being used in producing their products in other not to harm their consumers. Resource utilization- this is where objectives are set which relate the efficient use of physical and financial resources. Vertical intercourse is the type that goes from the top of organisational chart to the bottom and vice versa. Vertical communication allows decisions by managers to be carried out by employees. It ensures that action is consistent and co-ordinated, reduces cost because fewer mistakes will be made. It leads to greater effectiveness and profitable. It helps managers understand employees views and concerns. It can dismay managers to potential problems. Horizontal communication takes place when people at the same level within an organisation pass information. An example might be a member

Business at Work :: Papers

Business at Work Using the peter drucker- The practise of management We can see coca plant cola is successfully achieving its objectives. Profitability- The primary goal of any profit- make organisation is to increase earning per market. Also coca cola is as well maximising its profits Marketing region and standing- Cooperate marketing objectives can cover areas such as what products are to be sold in which markets, whether or not the organisation should aim to be the market leader in terms of pricing or product development. Productivity- coca-cola produces different brands of products for its customers, brands like diet coke, fanta, coke, and sprite. E.t.c. With all this products coca cola sells, it increases its revenue making the organisation make profit. Management and employee performance- this covers the development of good management and employee relations. Coca cola usually motivate its employees by giving their employees leaves and prom otions coca cola also operate an equal opportunity policy. Technical innovation- coca cola has to decide whether or not it should aim to be a technical innovator in terms of its products, or whether it should follow the lead or somebody else. Social and public responsibility- Coca cola usually donate money to the less permit and also take precautions in the ingredients being used in producing their products in other not to harm their consumers. Resource utilization- this is where objectives are set which relate the good use of physical and financial resources. Vertical talk is the type that goes from the top of organisational chart to the bottom and vice versa. Vertical communication allows decisions by managers to be carried erupt by employees. It ensures that action is consistent and co-ordinated, reduces cost because fewer mistakes will be made. It leads to greater effectiveness and profitable. It helps managers understand employees views an d concerns. It can alert managers to potential problems. Horizontal communication takes place when people at the same level within an organisation pass information. An example might be a member

Irish Stereotyping In The Late 1800’s Essay

Published in Puck, the Statess first successful comedic magazine containing several types of cartoons, on June 26, 1889 a cartoon entitled The Mortar Of assimilation And The One Element That Just Wont Mix clearly shows an Irishman rebelling against the rest of the American crowd with a spit in his hand, expressing violence, and possibly alcoholism. Through further research I found that how poorly the Irish were interact during this time period. The cartoon The Mortar Of Assimilation And The One Element That Just Wont Mix expresses the idea Irishmen just do not belong in America, despite the several former(a) races intertwined into our country.This cartoon brings me to the distrust Why? Why were the Irish labeled as such outcasts? I have discovered triad main reasons to answer this question The Irish were labeled as violent, drunk, and having strange religious views. One clear reason the Irish were labeled as outcasts is because of the violence they were assort to portray. The I rishman holding the knife in the cartoon is a perfect example of this. The Fenian brotherhood was a group with integrity main goal to obtain all freedom and endure an independent republic of Ireland. For many played the role of motivation in emigrating to the United States, played a large role in this stereotype. One denomination in particular, entitled The Fenians In Ireland published in The New York Observer And Chronicle on November 23, 1895, articulates a perfect example of the violence portray by the Fenian brotherhood. It wroteThe Derry Journal contains the following account of a sense of terror and alarm which occurred in a quiet village, but a few evenings since in issue of a farmer of reliable veracity knocking up his sleepy neighbors to defend their homes and their firesides against a host of bloodthirsty, who were in march for their well-stocked farmyards. After some handgrip a great number of the male inhabitants were brought together in a truly warlike style. The s upposed Fenians had disappeared leaving the mangled remains of one of their companions behind them.Another reason the Irish were labeled as outcasts is because of their religion. At this point in history America was made up of closely Protestants, yet the majority of the Irish emigrants were Catholic. Most Irish children were put into parochial schools and religion was placed as a big priority in their lives. The Irish held on tightly to their religious ways, a main reason being that was the one thing that still tied them to their homeland. Roman Catholic priests denounce the common schools, and set apart up their protests in the form of un-American parochial schools. (The Methodist Review, 5 January 1889) Americans refused to accept this religion due to the differences in their beliefs and practices. Today, Catholicism is one of the United States more or less common religions, with much thanks due to the Irish deportation. .Catholics also werent able to run for any political of fice, so that ruled out most of the Irish population for a great while, until the Know Nothing Act took place and the United States was able to look past religion. The curse of the Irishman in America is strong drink. (The Chautauquan, 8 October 1887) Drinking was a big part of Irish cultures. Even wakes were associated with alcohol due to the celebration of the deceaseds life. Americans feared their mostly Protestant nation would soon die out if the mostly Catholic Irish all emigrated to the United States, another reason why the Irish were not treated fairly. Not only were the Irish viewed as hot-headed violent, people with strange religious views, they were also known to be unskilled and drunk. Americans viewed Irish as alcoholics due to the inebriety that is weaved into their culture and ways of living. Much like our culture does today, Irish drank in several difference social settings, although they did drink alcohol at someones wake before the funeral, which may have been what disgusted Americans the most.Americans saw alcohol has ruling over the Irish and they were merely the slaves. One should also note, this was during the time of the outlaw of alcohol in the United States, so to see one consuming alcohol at such high rates was highly alarming and it would not be long for one to create a bad reputation because of something so simple. Due to this, Americans also stereotyped the Irish to be unskilled and lazy, at times signs were even put into windows stating things such as, Irish need not apply. At this point in history, Irish were viewed much similarly to African Americans when it came to respect. everyplace time, the Irish were able to keep their usage without encountering further confrontation, and the United States was able to run as one country under many different religions and customs as it does today.Catholics were able to run for office and Catholicism soon became one of the United States top most common religions. The Irish were looked dow n upon by Americans for three main reasons they were stereotyped to be violent, drunk, and had different religious views which were frowned upon by the Americans. The Fenian brotherhood played a big role in the Irish being stereotyped as violent. At times, it is possible Irishmen were stereotyped to be violent because they were also known to be drunks. The Irish were known to be drunks because of the drinking that is associated with their culture. The Irish emigration to America had a lasting effect on everyone that was a part of the country, without the Irish emigration to the United States, America would not be what it is today, with a ravishing mix of races, religions, and beliefs.

Four Contexts That Motivate Learning

The four contexts that motivate scholarship are practical context, personal context, experiential context, and idealistic context. Practical context is doing something because it is whats expected to be beneficial to succeed. The motivation is the strategic thinking to get to the point and not waste time. Personal context is repairting deaths for yourself to better your deportment or possibly the things in it. The motivation could be family or even just the satisfaction of self-achievement. Experiential context learning is learning from experience.The motivation is learning from your past experience and reintegrating it into a teaching skill for future knowledge. Idealistic context is a learning that involves exploring new ideas, theories, and concepts. The motivation is the curiosity to experience the husking of something new. One must find the learning context that expresses them best. Personal context best motivates my learning. I like to accomplish goals I set for myself. My main goal is to make sure I can provide a better life for my children. By doing this I have to first start school and past find a good career.I tried to settle for medical assisting but the problem was simply that I was settling. My goal is to quit procrastinating and do more with my life. I have it set in my mind my children deserve the best and I am willing to do all I can to give it to them. I know I have to push myself to get through this journey. This makes the learning process easier. When I feel overwhelmed I remember my goals I have set for myself. My main personal goal is to finish school and obtain a good paying job to provide for my family and myself.

Indegenous People Native Tile

Native ennoble is a concept in the Australian law. It is a type of continuous ownership of reach by local indigenous Australian. However inwrought backing flowerpot be combined with non-indigenous proprietary declines. Common law and native Australian law develop this concept In case of any discrepancy between Australian law and customary aboriginal law, the non-indigenous undecomposeds volition generally prevail. Native title is a disembark title and it was recognized in Australia during 1992 by the High Court in the Mabo decision. The native title linked with groups of people whom tralatitious confederations between the lands, waters among the aboriginal people.The native title rights recognized under Australian law. The native titleholders protected to get pay if governments acquire their land or waters for future developments. The native title is different from land rights. Native title is available to Aboriginal groups with traditional ties to land. and so people w ho have always lived in the same area can need native title. The native title is recognized by Commonwealth legislation. On 1st folk 1995, the Bardi and jawi people of Dumpier Peninsula and islands of Buccaneer Archipelago filed an application for a native title determination.After registration and public notification more than 155 persons were joined as parties to the application. At last the claim was made on behalf of the Bardi and Jawi people. The applicants i. e. Bardi-Jawi people sought a native title determination in regard to land, waters, water courses, reefs, seas and ocean bottom in the Northern Dampier and Kind Sound Regions of Western Kimberley-Lombadina and One Arm Point, Western Australia. The claim of native title rights and interest which let ins rights to the possession, occupation, habituate and enjoyment of the areas.Besides it safeguard of cultural knowledge also claimed. The main opponent Western Australian Fishing Industry Council and Telstra were oppose d the application. Federal Court Judge Robert French had given a judgment in favor of a native tile application by the Bardi and Jawi people. Their claim is at about 1,037-sq. km area of land at the northern end of Dampier Peninsula. This land surround by areas of sea to a three naval mile boundary comprising Aboriginal reserves and unallocated pileus land with many of the 900-strong community living on or near the area.The judge also ruled that the Bardi and Jawi people had sole(prenominal) rights to the whole of the mainland they had claimed, as comfortably as right to hunt turtle and dugong in waters in the area and to take pearl shell for cultural purposes, which includes the following rights found on the Sec. 225 Native Title Act indicates the rights and interests. The rights include use and enjoyment rights and these are not limited to the following rights 1. The right to live on the land 2. The rights to access move about on and use the land and waters 3. The right to hunt and gather on the land and waters4. The right to engage in spiritual and cultural activities on the land and waters 5. The right to access, use and take any of the resources of the land (including ochre) for food, shelter, medicine, fishing and trapping fish, weapons for hunting, cultural, religious, spiritual, ceremonial, artistic and communal purposes 6. proficient to refuse, regulate and control the use and enjoyment by early(a)s of the land its resources, 7. The right to have access to and use the water of land for personal, domestic, social, cultural, religious, spiritual, ceremonial and communal purposes.In sexual congress to the offshore waters, the rights were limited to non-exclusive rights of access and use of the areas resources. These rights are exercisable in accordance with the traditional laws and customs of the native titleholders and the laws of the nation and Commonwealth. However these are subject to the received other rights and interest such as 1. Use a nd Benefit of Aborigines 2. Fishing and aquaculture licenses 3. The interest of Telstra Corporation Limited 4. Public right to fish and navigate in tidal waters 5.International right of innocent passage The exclusive native title rights cannot be granted in relation to any flowing or underground waters and the taking of resources cannot be done for commercial purposes. Not only the bardi jawi people or any other persons can be used. jural The Native Title Act, 1993, which was in force from 1st January 1994. In order to provide native title rights, the Act was established. The Australias legal and parliamentary systems necessary providing such native rights to the persons in order to enable economic activity.It was forced by the decision of High court in the case of Mabo Vs. State promote land. The determination of native title in a particular area, land or water depends upon the group of persons and their interests. The offshore place means the water within the limits of the St ate only. BLUE REEF With regard to the Brue Reef, the evidence established its importance in the mythology or cosmology of the applicants, it did not establish that the law devolved rights in dealings to land or waters as a result.This leaves the claimant group unable to protect an important spiritual site. Here the judge has placed undue weight down on activity-based use-rights of members of the group and thereby discounting the importance of indigenous forms connection to land. Instead more importance to be given the indigenous rights. In the case of Sampi Vs State of Western Australia. The part of Brue Reef, which lies within 12 nautical mile limit. There was no basis disclosed on the evidence of native title rights in Brue Reef and hence the Bardi/Jawi claim was dismissed.The rights and interest claimed that includes access and use and enjoyment of the reef, and it cannot be as an exclusive right. The Blue Reef also comes under non-exclusive right. NON-EXCLUSIVE RIGHTS Non-ex clusive rights also proposed to be recognized over the inter tidal zones and associated reefs and areas of water. With regard to the Blue Reef area though it may be evidently noticed the use as traditional and occasional visit and it may be religious significance, the exclusive right to use the persons only cannot be issued. However they can go as usual beside all other like people result go.Mere visiting to the places does not confer any privilege to get the exclusive right only particular people should go which attraction of non-violence of international treaties. It was linked with the claim, which was made by the Bardi-Jawi people previously. The rejection of claim will not be amounted to the development of the Bardi-Jawi people. Hence the claim of Bardi-Jawi people with regard to the Blue Reef cannot be entertained which was linked with more than 12 nautical miles of the water. The non-exclusive possession native title rights exist to the Bardi Jawi people.With this they have the right to access, hunt dugong and turtle, and take resources for food, religious, spiritual, cultural, ceremonial and communal purposes. It includes used pearl shell for ceremonial purposes in accordance with the traditional laws and customs. EXCUSIVE RIGHTS The rights over land include the right to live on the land, right to access, move about and use the land, the right to hunt and gather, the right to engage in spiritual and cultural activities, the right to use resources including food and ochre and the right to refuse, regulate and control the use of the land by the others.The rights over areas of water include the right to use and enjoy the reefs and associated water, the right to hunt and gather, including for dugong and turtle and the right to use the resources for food, trapping fish, religious, cultural and ceremonial purposes. Their basic claim was registered in the case lies only with three nautical mile limit back to the commencement point. The claim of Bardi Jawi p eople first lodged in 1995. Before the claim went to footrace and later amended the area from 12 nautical miles offshore to three nautical miles.Hence the claim again cannot be entertained, which was already decided with the three nautical miles of the water. ADVISE TO THE COUNSEL Based on the above, it is identified the following suggestions for which counsel may not entertain the Bardi-Jawi arguments. 1. The claim of Bardi-Jawi people for extension of 12 nautical lines cannot be entertained since they have claimed earlier for three nautical miles only. Once the decision was made cannot be reopened in the same issue. If it is accepted again they will raise for another. 2.With regard to the Blue Reef, which extends beyond sixteen nautical miles from the coast cannot be entertained. Traditional custom is not exclusive right for which every other person can also go. Though it is evidenced by several years that Bardi-Jawi people are using and going for religious significance, exclusiv e right rights cannot be permitted. 3. The native title right cannot be recognized on the sea beyond 12 nautical miles, which attract the violation international treaties. The tuberosity between the existence of native title under traditional law and custom and its recognition by the common law was made in Fejo Vs.Northern Territory, 1998. 4. Those rights and interests will be continued in spite of non- recognition by the common law may be taken into account in the definition of the connection with land and waters, which indigenous people may have by virtue of their traditional laws and customs. 5. The Bardi-Jawi also granted previously non-exclusive rights, which they have been protected sufficient and they can go for the Blue Reef as usual, but it is not exclusive right. 6. The State government power is on nautical miles only up to 3.Hence Bardi-Jawi claim beyond 12 nautical miles cannot be entertained under any stage. Australian Fishing Industry Council and Commonwealth Governm ent will exercise the rights. The body politic government has concurrent jurisdiction with the State in the claim jurisdiction with the three nautical mile limit to the 12 nautical mile limit. The terra firma has sole jurisdiction beyond the 12 nautical mile limit around Brue Reef. The claimants made a petition for claiming a native title of the land, which is surrounded by an area of sea to a three nautical mile boundary only.Hence more than the claim not permitted for extension beyond three nautical miles still they go for appeals again and again. 7. The State government can grant up to three nautical miles since it recognized the role of owners i. e. Bardi-Jawi who have right to exclusive possession of the land, fishing rights up to three nautical mile limit and the right to hunt turtle and dugong and the right to take resources from Brue Reef. CONCLUSION art object taking the decision in connection with bardi-jawi, the following must be noticed by the decision makers.In the Australia, the native tile to land has been established by taking the sources of traditional laws and customs of indigenous peoples. The principles of international law linked with the decisions taken in connection with native tile to land. The native law has been veritable and justified in the Australia based on different colonial histories and styles of the community were acknowledged. * REFERENCES Appendices, http//www. nntt. gov. au/publications/AR_20052006/appendices. asp? PrintContent=True Australian Constitution Act, http//www. austlii. edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/coaca430/ Claimants celebrate native title decision, 2005, http//www. theage. com. au/news/national/claimants-celebrate-native-title-decision/2005/06/10/1118347602071. html Commonwealth Consolidated Acts, http//www. austlii. edu. au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/nta1993147/s4. html Focus Native Title September 2005, http//www. aar. com. au/pubs/nat/fontsep05. htm Frequently Asked questions, http//www. nativetitle. wa . gov. au/about_FAQs. aspx International Law, http//www. ohchr. org/english/law/index. htm Native Title Act, 1993, http//www. austlii. edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/nta1993147/ Office of Native Title, State Government agency, Western Australia, http//www. nativetitle. wa. gov. au/ Racial Discrimination Act, 1975, http//www. austlii. edu. au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/rda1975202/ Sampi v State of Western Australia (No 3) 2005 FCA 1716, http//www. atns. net. au/agreement. asp? EntityID=3203 http//www. ministers. wa. gov. au/ripper/docs/speeches/bardiprogress. pdf http//www. aph. gov. au/Senate/committee/ntlf_ctte/completed_inquiries/2002-04/nat_nattitle_trib/report/report. pdf http//ntru. aiatsis. gov. au/ntpapers/ip04v3. pdf

My Career as Social Work Practitioner Essay

When I considered social work as a profession the decision was one made with great ease. As a juvenile I faced numerous hardships that still affect my everyday aliveness. After beginning my education as a social work major I now realize I was a youth that lacked a necessary advocate. Alot of problems that I dealt with could have been disputed or even prevented had I been fit to receive certain resources and interact with the proper professionals. I notice also that there are more potential cases than professionals available to solve them today. The world we exit in lacks advocates with the well-being of those suffering social problems in mind. My past and the sight I have gained for the future ,alone lead me to the profession of a social worker. As an adolescent I found myself in and out of the juvenile correctional system for various incidents. I now can say I struggled with many typical issues faced by those of my generation, while at the time not knowing of any wait on avail able to me outside of my home.Not only did I struggle with acting out but I also had many emotional tribulations that I later found could be maintained by pursuance military service from a clinical professional. While feeling I was at an dead end I met a social worker through Harris County JJAEP named Thelma Herman. With the help of Mrs. Herman I was able to take benefit of all the help and resources I was once lacking. She got involved in the middle of a big crisis in my life that lacked a lot of understanding from those around me. Her influences put me in the right direction with my education and allowed me to regain a hold on my life. Once I took advantage of various programs such as Houston Advocates, MHMRA, and Snap, I was able to notice a great difference in my everyday life due to these resources.When I decided to further my education I spent a period of time looking for a profession that would suite my purpose of wanting to help others, that were in like situations of my o wn. Helping the youth, educating parents, and providing necessary resources for a family to properly function, can all be achieved in the social work profession. In the future as a social worker, I plan to practice at a micro level in schools or possibly a juvenile cargo deck center. Past experiences alone bequeath give me the basis I need to successfully help my clients and give them the necessary resources to be productive in life. My eventual(prenominal) career goal will be to open a girls home, that offers all resources needed for girls age 13-21 with the intentions all who come through the doors will lead successful lives as an adult. I feel that every bit of my goals as a social work practitioner are achievable and therefore the reason I find this very profession suitable.

Organizational Change Plan Essay

turn backs are a common cause of morbidity and the leading cause of nonfatal injuries and trauma-related hospitalizations in the United States (Center for malady Control and Prevention, 2012). F eithers can occur in home and as well as in any health care facility. In hospitals, travel consistently appoint up the largest single category of reported incidents, with most gets occurring as a result of medication related issues, toileting, and hospital environment conditions. With ignites accounting for the leading cause of injuries in hospital, it is imperative that environment safety and perch prevention is addressed in facilities. This deepen plan pass on include the need for implementation of a perch happen mind and reelect precautions, barriers to change, factors influencing change and the facility for change as well as resources on tap(predicate) to support change. These changes forget be implementing with the help of using, Kurt Lewins Change Plan Theory.Need for the Proposed ChangeA fade is defined as an event which thither is a downward displacement of a patients body from a standing, sitting, or lying position that may result in defacement (St Peters Hospital, 2012). St. Peters Hospital in Albany, New York, is one of the major acute care hospitals committed to promotion of patient safety. intense care hospitals show that fall rates range from 1.3 to 8.9 falls/1,000 patient days and that higher rates occur in units that focus on eldercare, surgical, neurology and rehabilitation (National Quality Measures Clearinghouse, 2013). Due to the high number of patient falls and increased bump factors in the hospital it is imperative to have fall assessments and fall prevention standardized passim the hospital. Patients will be provided an optimal safe environment during care based on the Environment Safety and Fall Prevention Policy and Procedure. Fallprevention strategies are to be executed per standard of care and individualized based on p atient assessment at heart the patient plan of care. Certain patients are considered to be at a greater risk for falls.Factors much(prenominal) as patients who are 85 years senior or older, osteoporosis, anticoagulants treatment, bleeding dis bon tons and patients post-operative. Every patient who is admitted into the hospital is placed on universal fall precautions and nurses will further assess patients based on the Hendrich II Assessment Tool and Get-Up-and-Go Assessment. Patients are also reassessed every shift, with change in condition, after a transfer, and after a fall. The Hendrich II Fall jeopardy Model is used to assess a hospitalized patients risk of falling. Designed to be administered quickly, it focuses on eight independent risk factors confusion, disorientation, and impulsivity, symptomatic depression, alter elimination, dizziness or vertigo, male sex, administration of antiepileptic (or changes in dosage or cessation), administration of benzodiazepines, and poor performance in rising from a position position in the Get-Up-and-Go Assessment (Hendrich, MSN, RN, FAAN, 2007).Along with universal fall precautions, Hendrich assessment and Get-Up-and-Go Assessment, staff members should be monitoring their environment on an on-going basis for situations that may lead to a fall, such as tubing and equipment posing as a tripping hazard. Staff members must be proactive with assisting patients with unsteady gait, need for assistive devise and patients with weakness to ensure safety. Once a patient is scored a fall risk, the nurse will initiates a fall prevention program and activate fall risk in patients plan of care.A yellow arm band is placed on the patient, special skid resistant slipper socks are provider to the patient and fall precaution sign is placed outside patients doorsill and over the bed to ensure all staff members are aware of fall risk. Providing education on preventing falls to twain family and patient, placing patients closer to t he nurses station, providing bed alarms, sitters and periodical rounding are other measures to avoid falls. Patients who score five or greater are considered to be risk for falls and fall interventions will be initiated. Another safety measure important to prevention of falls is to include fall risks in all shift to shift reports.Barriers to ChangeSt. Peters Hospital is an large organization specializing in Cardiac,Hepatobiliary, Bariatric, Gastrointestinal and Orthopedic Surgeries. Being such a diverse large organization inconsistency end-to-end the hospital shows to be the major barrier to change. Other barriers are lack of employee involvement, lack of financial resources and poor communication. To overcome such barriers, an awareness of the need for an effectiveness of fall risk assessment and fall prevention program is essential. Employees, patients, and family members need to be aware of fall risks, fall precautions and the fall prevention program.Factors Influencing Changei ncrease patient cheer and at the same time preventing and reducing the amount of falls on a daily basis is the key factor. Patient satisfaction is ultimately the driving force behind the changes in the hospital. If patients are not satisfied with care, they will go to another provider and thus the hospital will lose money. In order for St. Peters Hospital to remain ranked in the top 10 hospitals, they must ensure all patients are pleased and safe with their care. One way to make certain that the hospital patient safety increases is by implementing changes throughout the hospital to standardized the fall risk assessments and fall prevention program.In order to be successful with this change, regulatory changes will be necessary to be made in accordance with fall prevention. St. Peters Hospital is committed to patients safety and ensures all patients are provided with an optimal safe environment during care. Training is required for all employees to insure compliance and full unders tand of the fall prevention program. Evaluation of the program is another regulatory change that is necessary for the success of the program. Monitoring on a regular basis is required to determine effectiveness of program and deciding if changes should be made or modified.Factors Influencing discipline for ChangeWhen organizational readiness for change is high, organizational members are more likely to initiate change, exert greater effort, exhibit greater persistence, and display more cooperative behavior (Weiner, 2009). Readiness requires both the capability to make change as well as the motivation to make the change. Readiness is contingent on several different factors throughout the hospital. Several factors for implementing the fallsrisk assessment and fall prevention program is the high rate of falls throughout the hospital. Readiness is also determined by the financial stand point of the hospital. The hospital must be willing and commensurate to devote extra funds to pay f or increased amount of employee training and education.Theoretical Change Model Kurt Lewins Change TheoryUtilizing Kurt Lewins Change Theory can assist St. Peters Hospital to make the change, minimize disruption and assure that the change is adopted permanently. Lewins three step model of change are as follows Unfreezing, Changing and Refreezing. Unfreezing is the readiness for change. During this strain St. Peters Hospital will prepare the hospital staff for the implementation of the falls risk assessment and falls prevention program. In order to prepare the hospital staff of the need for change, they must first provide information and research regarding the program and the benefits. Once unfreezing is complete, St. Peters Hospital would transformation into the second phase known as, Change. Change is the actual implementation of the proposed change.In order to implement these changes, training will be provided and required for all employees to guarantee compliance and full under stand of the fall prevention program. Evaluation and monitoring of the program will also be conducted during this phase to ensure compliance as well as understanding. Actually making the falls risk assessment and falls prevention program a permanent entity to the nursing assessment is the nett stage of refreezing. During this stage, St. Peters Hospital will continue to offer education and support throughout the hospital to standardized the fall risk assessment and falls program.Recourses Available for ChangeIt would be virtually nearly impossible to implement an successful change without having the necessary resources. In order to implement such a plan as the fall risk and fall prevention program, St. Peters Hospital must have a team of educate employees throughout the many disciplines and be able to train the remainder of the hospital with the new proposed changes. Education would be in the form of class room demonstrations, on the unit in-services in addition to hospital based w ebsite education. Finances is another major resource that is required for the change plan. Without theproper means, the hospital is not able to pay the employees and implementation would not be in effect.ConclusionPatient education needs to be incorporated into the admission process and continue throughout the hospitalization stay. Education provides the patient with the knowledge of the importance of safety and what part he or she contributes in their care as well as risk factor identified. Fall prevention programs are designed to determine fall risk and prevention strategies while collaborating with the patients health care. Informing both the patient and the family will bring an understanding and mindfulness to fall prevention.Falls are devastating to both the patient and the hospital considering a single fall may result in a downward spiral of reduced mobility with a loss of function and further risk of falls. Along with proper education, fall risk assessments are vital to the f all prevention process. These fall risk assessment are implemented hospital wide and are conducted every shift, change in status, during transfers to different units and at discharge (St. Peters Hospital, 2012). Compliance and consistency reduces falls and the overall cost of falls throughout the hospital astir(p) the care.ReferencesCenter for Disease Control and Prevention. (2012). Falls Among Older Adults An Overview. Retrieved from August 23, 2014, from http//www.cdc.gov/homeandrecreationalsafety/falls/adultfalls.html Currie, D.N. Sc, M.S.N., R.N., Leanne. (n.d. ). Fall and Prevention. Retrieved August 23, 2014, from http//ncbi.nlm.gov Hendrich, MSN, RN, FAAN, Ann. (2007, November). How to Try This Predicting Falls. AJN, 107(11), 50 National Quality Measures Clearinghouse. (2013). Retrieved August 23, 2014, from http//www.qualitymeasures.ahrq.gov/content.aspx?id=36944 environmental Safety and Fall Prevention. (2012). Retrieved August 23, 2014, from http//www.sphcs.org/environmen talsafetyandfallprevention.org Weiner, B. J. (2009, October). A Theory of Organizational Readiness for Change . Implementation Science, 4(67)

Joy Ride

Michelle Cronin Professor Radford English 101 8 October 2012 Begging for an Escape Joy Ride is a short story written by Richard Russo. It features a boy, basin Dern, and his buzz off, who both long for an flight from their lives at the time. This story follows the theme that one key view the human condition is the search for an passing water. At some point in life, most humans wish to flying their past and present state of living. on that point may be many motivating factors behind this. However, most attempt to escape for one of three main reasons.These include using an escape as a means of finding discontinuedom, an escape to help another person, or just as a temporary move to solve a problem. In this story, John and his mother wee all three reasons in the back of their minds as they see their lives disappear in the rearview mirror. Johns mother wants an escape so that she can be exculpate. Free from stress, free from worry, free from her husband So she leaves a note with a simple goodbye and she is off. She takes her son with her and breaks free from the ties that bind her. She believes that this republic is big enough for a fresh start for the both of them.She says, Its not only a free country, its a big one. Big enough for us to get lost in. Were bound for freedom, sweetie (76). Johns mother is trying to explain to him that this country is huge, and that if the two of them try, they can get lost in the freedom. They have the power and the ability to leave, escaping the lifestyle they are in right now. By leaving, they have the probability make anything of their future. Johns mother also explains that she wants to be free from the marriage that is slowly ripping her apart.She says, Its just that living with him organism marital to him is just like being covered with these little cuts all the time. Theres no big gash you can show anybody, nothing theyd believe would really hurt, but these damn little nicks, they suck the blood right out of you (92). Johns mother would like to be free of her husbands ties that seem to terrorize her wherever she goes. It appears that he does nothing to cause her extraordinary pain, but the little problems are the ones that hurt her the most. Just being with her husband leaves her with all of these painful thoughts and memories every single day.Its the little problems that Johns mother is trying so hard to escape. However, her motivation for escape also has to do with John. He unavoidably this escape as much as his mother. John was growing up and falling in with the wrong crowd, devising very bad decisions. His friends talk of a trip they took to Old Orchard Beach in Maine. When thinking about this, John decides that he too needs to get out of Camden. This is exactly the kind of adventure I feared and longed for (78). In this quote, John is conveying his need for escape. His mother sees how necessary an escape is and how desperately John needs a new outlook on life.And this is exactly wha t his mother intends to give him. As they go on their journey, both John and his mother birth a little taste of the freedom they have hungered for. Years later when discussing the trip, his mother explains the real reason behind the jubilate ride. Ill tell you what I do remember. I remember that the reason for that trip was you. What I remember was the vicious little monster you were becoming (110). In this quote, Johns mother is revealing her true motive behind their escape. She wanted to give him an experience that would allow him to change the way he was behaving before it became too late.Her son was falling in with the wrong crowd and she wanted him to get out of there as fast as possible before he did something horrible. Whether the escape is fixed or temporary, it remains a memory that will forever be engrained in ones mind. An escape can last anywhere from legal proceeding to a lifetime, but it will remain a memory throughout ones entire life. For example, when reminiscin g, John says This whole trip was nothing more than than a happiness ride, like the one my junior high friends had taken, and now I could understand their reluctance to talk about it.No doubt it had been a flashy thing, devoid of glory (108). John is saying that their escape had only been a temporary freedom and that it ended shortly after it had begun. In comparing his joy ride with that of his friends, he claims that both did not end up the way they had imagined and that he did not want to talk about it, just as his friends had not wanted to talk about their trip. However, he goes on to say More than twenty years now, as I think back on our joy ride that spring, it seems far more remarkable than it did at the time (109).He is expressing his sincere thought on the subject in that even after decades have passed. Although it seemed to sanely fail because he and his mother ended up going back to his father at the time, with time, he begins to realize that the trip meant more than he primitively thought. No matter how long or short the escape is, the memory will last a lifetime. The word escape can be delimitate in many ways. The definition that applies most to this story is an act of breaking free from confinement or control. In Joy Ride, John and his mother were mendicancy for an escape from their life.Throughout the actual trip, Johns mother had him convinced that she wanted to escape from her husband. But at the end of the story after years have passed, she explains that the true reason behind the escape was to change the path he was walking. John needed to escape the group he was in. People attempt to escape for many reasons. For John and his mother, it was for freedom, freedom from Johns father, freedom from the expectations of Johns friends. And although it was not a permanent escape, it will be permanently engrained in the minds of both John and his mother.

Counterproductive Effects in Rewards and Motivation

When employing, retention and parting signify intricate, long term and multi- layered dealings rather than a Counterproductive Effects in Rewards and pauperism simple market deal, employees and employers will be principally careful to avoid entering the relationship with an inappropriate partner but, in speedily moving economic and industrial environments it is rational that a firms employment needs will be changing too. In this situation, a guarantee of long-term employment would be exceedingly expensive if the firm is not able to reallocate workers to new tasks as the requirements rose.So, Counterproductive Effects in Rewards and Motivation for employees, surviving and been considered by the firm as a valued component in these conditions becomes a personal challenge, especially if these employees performance is compared with others using subjective evaluation systems based not only in performance and results, but also in perceptions and Image. compassionate Wealth refers to the knowledge and acquired skills a person has to upsurge his or her ability to conduct activities with economic value. Human Wealth is most often acquired by knowledge on through teaching by others who already have the necessary skills.It is the factor that differentiates raw labour power from skilled expertise at some task or job and as a crucial determinant of productivity. Todays companies true strength resides in their Human Capital so, an impulse to improve the human development into the organizations becomes crucial to guarantee its survival in this highly competitive world. It is necessary that top & pose management perform a deep auto critic of their attitudes in order to look, find and sustain that motivation that worries us. It is useful to distinguish between firm-specific and general-purpose (or non-specific) Human Capital.Skills and knowledge that increases the persons productivity when working for any of several different employers represents general-purpose Human Capi tal, and normally, a firm is unlikely to help pay this sympathetic of tuition. On the other hand, firm-specific Human Capital, like knowledge of the firms specific accounting system, machines or procedures. It might seem worthwhile for an employer to invest in workers firm-specific Human Capital.

ABC, Inc. Case Study Analysis Essay

Carl Robins, a junior recruiter for ABC, Inc, with only if a limited amount of experience, commendably retained 15 in the altogether employees in April. The revolutionaryer employees were hired to work for Monica Carrolls, the Operations Supervisor. Carl Robins set up new recruits preference to begin 06- 15 with the objective of having the new employees working by July. On 15 of May. Monica Carrolls c tout ensembleed Carl about mend several issues for the new employees, such as policies, do drugs tests, and manuals. He stated to Monica that everything would be in ordinate and it would all be completed by the deadline. When Carl started reviewing June, the new employee file, He found numerous of issues. Some applications were un wind uped, drug screenings were not done, and preference manuals were not completed and missing pages, while the room for training had been held in carry for technology services. IssuesWhen Carls had his original recruitment training, he encountered many difficulties that need to be brought to the senior recruiters to work out these issues. Incomplete employee applicationsMandatory drug screening was not arrangedEmployee transcripts were not on file pitiable orientation manualsShortage of orientation manuals,Resource scheduling conflicts.Carl has to address the issues at hand in redact to have the new recruits working by July, so he essential act as expeditiously. He must(prenominal) move swiftly in order to inform the new employees and make it stat that they finish their employment applications and confirm his or her transcripts on file. Subsequently, Carl has to arrange appointments through the clinic for allthe new recruits for the obligatory drug screen and have the results sent over right away. At this point, Carl must evaluate the orientation manuals to its integrality and make sure there are a substantial amount of copies for all the recent recruits. Carl has to gibe with technology services to come up with a sol ution to share the training room. If that is not feasible, Carl must find another fitting location for the new hire training class.These issues seem like dewy-eyed problems with quick and easy solutions, but clearly show problems with the current hiring process that need to be intercommunicate to keep similar issues from arising in the future.An entry level recruiter should work directly with more experienced recruiters during the first recruitment process. Skill, putting forth the effort, and practicing will go a farsighted way in overcoming these types of issues. ABC, Inc must develop a helpful to do list or procedure to follow for hiring new employees. It must be explained to the employee and the recruiter exactly what must be completed before and after the hiring process. The checklist should cover not only hiring procedures, but also in-processing and merging into the conjunction. ABC, Inc also needs to develop a training center with order policies, orientation manuals, an d other training materials should be complete and readily available at all times. In the intent of saving money and breathing space, it is suggested that at least one physical copy of from each one reference should be available, while digital copies are kept on file and can be easily apprehended when necessary. Company management solution should be established to prevent spare reservations for the selfsame(prenominal) resources. This can be a simple database or reservation system that is easily accessible by all employees who will be responsible for scheduling resources. Findings/ ConsiderationsABC, Incs efforts to hire new employees, handling and attempting to make these problems could raise more problems. Foremost, easy solutions could entail a significant financial investment to get the new employees hired on time. For instance, the clinic may charge extra for last minute drug screens or for expediting the results. If the orientation manuals cannot be reproduced internally or the training cannot be conducted on companyproperty, the cost of out-sourcing would be a lot higher than normal. Proper implementation of the long-term solutions may also incur some initial expense however the increased efficiency will be a great benefit to ABC, Inc in the long run. It is also important to note that an inefficient and complicated hiring process may eventually detract from the companys image and ability to attract worthy employees ConclusionAs stated previously, this was a comparatively easy problem to fix, however it exposed deeper issues and could present a significant expense to ABC, Inc to resolve all the problems in time to meet the July goal. It is recommended that Carl Robins and ABC, Inc take the initiative to implement all of the short and long-term goals. In doing so ABC, Inc will insure that this problem will be eliminated in the future.References courtship studywww.Studymode.comCase study analysis Comm215www.writework.comWriting a Case study Analysishttp //college.cengage.com/business/resources/casestudies/students/writing.ht

Maternity Leave Essay

Maternity return receiptss is found under the Article 133 of the patience regulation and air division 14-A of hearty Security coiffe of 1997 ( democracy travel no(prenominal) 8282). Checklist for Availment of Maternity Benefits under Social Security Act The with child(predicate) womanhood employee must suck compensable at least three breaker pointical contri just nowions inside the 12-month period instantaneously former the semester of her child p arnthood or miscarriage. She has given the infallible notification of her pregnancy done her employer if employed, or to the draft if separated, voluntary or self-employed extremity. Maternity LeaveUnder Article 133(a) of the savvy Code, E real employer shall grant to any meaning(a) woman employees who has rendered an aggregate service of at least 6 months for the last twelve months, maternalism relegate of at least two weeks prior to the suffered discover of pitch shot and another four weeks subsequently norma l slant or miscarriage, with extensive pay ground on her regular or average weekly wages. From the above provision, a qualified pregnant woman employee shall be authorise maternalism have of at least two weeks prior to expected image of delivery and another four weeks later normal delivery or abortion. Thats a complete of sise weeks maternal quality contribute.( handbill Article 133, particularly provisions pertaining to benefits and procedure for availment, must give way to Social Security Act.) Leave extension Maternity leave may be extended on describe of illness arising out of the pregnancy, delivery, abortion or miscarriage, which renders the woman unfit for work. Extended motherliness leave is without pay, exactly may be charged against any unused leave identifications. Maternity Benefits under conscription virtueA pregnant woman member of SSS who has compensable at least three monthly contributions in the twelve-month period immediately precede the semest er of her childbirth or miscarriage shall be paid a daily maternity benefit. AmountSSS maternity benefit shall be equivalent to 100% of the pregnant employees average daily salary credit for 60 days, or 78 days in case of caesarian delivery.Time of stipendThe full payment of maternity benefits shall be go by the employer at heart 30 days from the register of the maternity leave application.Who makes the paymentThe SSS shoulders the payment of maternity benefits. But the procedure is that the payment is to be initially ascentd by the employer, subject to immediate reimbursement by SSS.Checklist for AvailmentThe pregnant woman employee must have paid at least three monthly contributions within the 12-month period immediately preceding the semester of her childbirth or miscarriage. She has given the required notification of her pregnancy through her employer if employed, or to the SSS if separated, voluntary or self-employed member. 3-monthly Contribution IllustrationTo avail of maternity benefits, the woman employee must have paid at least three monthly contributions within the 12-month period immediately preceding the semester of her childbirth or miscarriage. A semester refers to two consecutive gets ending in the quarter of contingency A quarter refers to three consecutive months ending March, June, September or December. To illustrate, assume that the intercommunicate understand of delivery is March 2010. The semester of childbirth would be from October 2009 to March 2010.This is called the semester of contingency. Count 12 months backwards jump from the month immediately before the semester of contingency, which is September 2009. Hence, the 12-month period immediately preceding the semester of childbirth or miscarriage is from October 2008 to September 2009. To avail of the benefits, the employee must have paid at least 3 monthly contributions during this period. Note that this requirement supersedes Article 133, which requires that the woman emp loyees must have rendered an aggregate service of at least six months for the last twelve months.Valid marriage not requiredUnlike in paternity leave where valid marriage is a requisite for availment, the existence of a valid marriage is not required to avail of maternity leave benefits.Limitation on AvailmentEntitlement to maternity leave under the Labor Code and maternity benefits under the SSS Law applies lonesome(prenominal) for the first four delivery. Bar to convalescence of disorder benefits. That payment of daily maternity benefits is a bar to the recovery of SSS sickness benefits for the same period for which daily maternity benefits have been received.Effect of Failure of Employer to Remit Contribution.If the employer fails to remit the required contributions, or to advertise SSS of the succession of the pregnancy, the employer shall pay to the SSS damages equivalent to the benefits which said employee member would otherwise have been empower to.Tax Treatment of Mete rnity BenefitMaternity benefits advanced by employer to employee are excluded from gross income and thusly exempt from withholding tax. Under the National Internal Revenue Code (NIRC), all benefits received from or enjoyed under the Social Security System in accordance with the provisions of Republic Act No. 8282 shall not be included in gross income and shall be exempt from taxation. (Section 32 B6e, NIRC)What You Should Know slightly Maternity Leave Benefits in the Philippines? Maternity Leave Benefit in the Philippines varies depending on your employment. This article only covers employees from the clubby sector . According to Book III Title III Chapter 1 of the Philippine Labor Code Presidential Decree No. 422, as Amended ART. 133. Maternity leave benefits. (a) Every employer shall grant to any pregnant woman employee who has rendered an aggregate service of at least six (6) months for the last twelve (12) months, maternity leave of at least two (2) weeks prior to the expect ed date of delivery and another four (4) weeks after normal delivery or abortion with full pay based on her regular or average weekly wages.The employer may require from any woman employee applying for maternity leave the production of a medical documentation stating that delivery volition probably take place within two weeks. (b) The maternity leave shall be extended without pay on account of illness medically certified to move up out of the pregnancy, delivery, abortion or miscarriage, which renders the woman unfit for work, unless she has earned unused leave credits from which such(prenominal) extended leave may be charged. (c) The maternity leave provided in this Article shall be paid by the employer only for the first four (4) deliveries by a woman employee after the effectivity of this Code.Furthermore, Republic Act No. 7322 AN ACT INCREASING MATERNITY BENEFITS IN FAVOR OF WOMEN WORKERS IN THE PRIVATE SECTOR, AMENDING FOR THE occasion SECTION 14-A OF REPUBLIC ACT NO. 1161, AS AMENDED, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES states SECTION 1. Section 14-A of Republic Act No. 1161, as amended, is further amended to read as follows SEC. 14-A. Maternity Leave Benefit. A cover female employee who has paid at least three monthly maternity contributions in the twelve-month period preceding the semester of her childbirth, abortion or miscarriage and who is currently employed shall be paid a daily maternity benefit equivalent to one hundred percent (100%) of her present basic salary, allowances and other benefits or the specie equivalent of such benefits for sixty (60) days subject to the following conditions (a) That the employee shall have notified her employer of her pregnancy and the probable date of her childbirth which notice shall be transmitted to the SSS in accordance with the rules and regulations it may provide(b) That the payment shall be advanced by the employer in two equal installments within thirty (30) days from the filing of the maternity leave application (c) That in case of caesarean delivery, the employee shall be paid the daily maternity benefit for seventy-eight (78) days (d) That payment of daily maternity benefits shall be a bar to the recovery of sickness benefits provided by this Act for the same compensable period of sixty (60) days for the same childbirth, abortion, or miscarriage (e) That the maternity benefits provided under this Section shall be paid only for the first four deliveries after March 13, 1973(f) That the SSS shall immediately reimburse the employer of one hundred percent (100%) of the amount of maternity benefits advanced to the employee by the employer upon receipt of satisfactory evidence of such payment and legality thereof and (g) That if an employee should give birth or suffer abortion or miscarriage without the required contributions having been remitted for her by her employer to the SSS, or without the latter having been previously notified by the employer of the term of the pregnancy, the employ er shall pay to the SSS damages equivalent to the benefits which said employee would otherwise have been entitled to, and the SSS shall in turn pay such amount to the employee c at a timerned. SEC.2. Nothing in this Act shall be construed as to diminish existing maternity benefits under present laws and incarnate bargaining agreements. SEC. 3. All laws, administrator orders, prodamations,.presidential decrees, rules and regulations, and other issuances, or parts hereof, inconsistent with the provisions of this Act are hereby repealed or circumscribed accordingly. SEC. 4. This Act shall take effect fifteen (15) days after its publication in the Official print or in at least two (2) national newspapers of general circulation, whichever comes earlier.In short, you are entitled to a 60 days maternity leave (78 if you had a caesarean delivery) provided that 1. you have notified your employer of your pregnancy including your estimated delivery date 2. you are an active SSS member and employee at the time of your delivery 3. you have paid a minimum of three month contribution to SSS within the 12-month period prior to your delivery (miscarriage) and 4. this is your first, second, third or fourth pregnancy (and/or miscarriage) So remember,Once youve confirmed your pregnancy (usually once youve got your first ultrasound), make sure to file the necessary papers to notify your company. This is around 6-8 weeks of pregnancy. Its very important that you file early so you throne avail of your benefits should anything happen to you like miscarriage or other complication that would require you to take an early leave. File your maternity leave early. Your company is mandated by law to give you your maternity benefit within 30 days of filling. They usually release advance payment before your leave if you file it on time. Otherwise, you might have to after giving birth. party may have other policies about maternity benefits, so make sure to review your funk and talk to y our companys HR personnel so know what youre entitled to. similarly once youve given birth, dont forget to submit all the necessary documents to your HR so they can submit them to SSS for reimbursement. You would lease to submit following SSS bring in MAT-1 and MAT-2, your childs birth certificate, your SSS ID, obstetrical history and operating record for caesarean delivery. The SSS forms are unattached in your HR department or you can get a copy at sss.gov.ph. The full list of requirements is also available in the site. When I posted about maternity leave benefits in my old blog, a lot of people ask why some of them got less than their 60-day salary. The maternity benefit you are entitled as an SSS member is 100% of your average daily salary credit multiplied by 60 (78) days.The details of the computation can be found here. Youll also influence there that the maximum salary credit per day is around Php 500 so at most, youll be able to receive around Php 30,000 for normal delive ry and Php 39,000 for caesarean delivery. Self-employeed SSS members and also voluntary SSS members are also entitled to this same SSS Maternity Benefits as long as they butt on the requirements mentioned above. The only difference is they do the filing and notification directly to SSS. I work in the brass sector.Am I entitled to maternity leave? Every pregnant employee is entitled to maternity leave but the conditions change depending on several factors. If you are a government employee, you are allowed to take a maternity leave of 60 schedule days with pay, whether you deliver via normal or cesarean delivery. You are also entitled to maternity benefits in full if you have been working(a) for your government office or agency for at least two years. If you have rendered service for more than a year but less than two years, you will receive maternity benefits in proportion to your length of service. (And half-pay if you have been working there for less than one year.)Maternity le ave covers both childbirth and miscarriage. The law provides minimum requirements that you can expect from your employer. Talk to your human resources manager or administrative officeholder to find out if your employer provides great maternity benefits than the required minimum. Read your employment contract or collective bargaining agreement conservatively and see what it says about your employers policy on maternity leaves and benefits.I work for a private company. What maternity benefits am I entitled to? A private sector employee is entitled to take a leave with full pay for 60 calendar days (for normal delivery) or 78 calendar days (for cesarean delivery) as long as certain conditions are met* You are an SSS member employed at the time of delivery or miscarriage. * You have previously notified your employer about your pregnancy and callable date. * You have paid at least three monthly contributions to the SSS within the 12-month period preceding your semester of childbirth or miscarriage. * Understand that you can claim maternity benefits only for your first four deliveries, including miscarriages.What do you mean by semester of childbirth?This is the six-month period prior to your giving birth. For example, if you expect to give birth in June 2012, your semester of childbirth is the period from January 2012 to June 2012.What about the three monthly contributions preceding the semester of childbirth? SSS requires that in the 12 months preceding your semester of childbirth (if youre due in June 2012, then the period is January to December 2011), you should have paid at least 3 monthly contributions. This 12-month period is important because they will determine how much maternity pay to give you based on your monthly salary during this 12-month period. SSS has a formula for cipher your maternity benefit using your six highest monthly credits.What do I have to submit to my employer? draw and quarter sure that you* Give your employer a notice of your pre gnancy and due date by submitting SSS Form MAT-1(Maternity Notification Form) at least 60 days from the time you know about your pregnancy and proof of pregnancy, such as laboratory test results, ultrasound report and a medical certificate from your doctor. Your employer will then submit these documents to the SSS.* Maternity leave covers both childbirth and miscarriage. The law provides the minimum requirements that you can expect from your employer. Some companies give more than the minimum requirements. Talk to your human resources manager or administrative officer so youll know what your company offers. It would be good to read your employment contract or collective bargaining agreement and learn more about your employers policy on maternity leaves and benefits. Your companys maternity policy may be better than the legal minimum. Thus your entitlements could be incompatible from those of your colleagues or friends working for other companies.Find out exactly what your entitleme nts are by contacting* your human resources or personnel manager* your labor union representative* the Department of Labor and Employment (DOLE) Regional confidence in your place of work Before taking maternity leaveFile your maternity leave application a few weeks before the start of your leave. You will want to give your employer enough time to make arrangements and ensure that the company is not affected by your absence. The common practice is to go on leave two weeks before your due date so you can have enough time to prepare for the birth of your child. How do I claim my SSS maternity benefits?You may claim your SSS maternity benefits directly from your employer in full within 30 calendar days from the filing of your maternity leave application. Your employer is required to pay the amount of the claim in advance, subject to reimbursement by the SSS.You also need to submit other documents such as* SSS Form MAT-1 and MAT-2* your childs birth certificate* operating room records f or cesarean delivery* obstetrical history in cases of miscarriage or abortion* your SSS I.D.

Boeing E-enabled Advantages Essay

Boeing is an American multinational corporation that designs, manufactures and sells fixed-wing aircraft, rotorcraft, rockets and satellites. It also provides leasing and product support services. Boeing is among the largest world(a) aircraft manufacturers, is the second-largest aerospace & defense contractor in the world based on 2012 revenue and is the US largest exporter by dollar value. Boeing stock is a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average. The Boeing Companys corporate headquarters are set in Chicago and the corporation is led by Chairman and CEO James McNerney. Boeing is organized into 5 primary divisions Boeing Commercial bloodplanes (BCA) Boeing Defense, Space & Security (BDS) Engineering, Operations & Technology Boeing Capital and Boeing Shared Services Group. In 2013, Boeing recorded $86.623 billion in sales, ranked 30th on the Fortune magazine Fortune vitamin D list (2013), ranked 95th on the Fortune Global 500 list (2013), and ranked twenty-sixth on the Wo rlds Most Admired Companies list (2013).The success of this air company began when the smash of Boeing, William E.Boeing, bought a shipyard in Seattle on the Duwamish River, which later became his first airplane factory. Boeing, a graduate from Yale University incorporated Boeing on July 15. 1916 as Pacific Aero Products Co. which later transformed the company into a worlds largest aircraft manufacturer passim the aviation history. Between World War I and II, Boeing grew to be one of the largest aircraft by supplying the force with training and fighting planes, pioneering airmail planes and r come to the forees, and developing early passenger planes. During World War II, Boeing was one of the unpolisheds steer defense and space contractors. The B-17 Flying Fortress and B-29 Super Fortress bombers were an essential legions force, and the B-52, and eight-engine bomber that made debut in 1952, had been used in the Vietnam War, the Persian Gulf-War 1991 and in Afghanistan in 2001 . search and victimisation that in like mannerk place during the war geezerhood set the stage for the coming age of commercial resinousliners, which Boeing would run for the remainder of the 20th century.Boeings Aircraft ProductionBoeing made its entry into commercial aviation in 1954, by introducing Boeing 707 to the world. The aircraft, four-engine jetliner based largely on C-97 Stratofreighter, a military-tanker transport which competed directly with the Douglas DC-8. While Boeings foray into commercial aviation was risky at first, the success of 707 eventually helped establish Boeing as a continueer in commercial aviation, which until then had been dominated by DAC (Douglas Aircraft Company). The 707 was followed by the 727 in 1962 and the 737 in 1967, and in 1968, Boeing rolled out the 747-its flagship aircraft and the largest civilian aircraft the time.757, 767 has been added to the 7-series of jetliners right after the impending disaster, when the Congress had pulled t he plug on funding for development of the Apollo Project. During that time, cyclical aviation industry faced a massive downturn, and Boeing had to brave out the high start-up cost. Wilson, the president of Boeing at that downfall period was force to cut Boeings employees from 105,000 to just 38,000, just to maintain the companys relevancy on financial.Throughout the 1980s, Boeing was virtually unrivalled in commercial aviation. Its 2 main competitors, McDonnell Douglas in the US and Airbus in atomic number 63, held less than half of the market share combined ad neither had a family of airplanes that could compete with Boeings versatile 7-series. The second half of 1980 and the early 1990s witnessed nearly unmitigated harvest-home for Boeing. Although the defense and space sectors struggles as the US government cut funding, the commercial aviation division prospered. Air travel had been growing steadily since 1970 ad Boeing broke its own sales record for 6 old age in a row startin g in 1985. In the 1980s alone, Boeing received orders for more than 3,500 jet liners, which represented half of all jetliners sold by Boeing since the first 707 order was placed in 1956, and in 1987, the 737 surpassed the 727 as the worlds best-selling jetliner. In 1989, Boeing announced plans to develop the next airplane in the 7-series, the 777, to be released in 1995.By 1992, Boeing employed nearly 150,000 people and posted net earnings of 1.5 billion. It was the grounds leading exporter and was considered one ofthe nations most admired companies. The company that started a chaste hobby had become the king of the jet makers.Problem StatementThroughout the e-Enable program, Lou Manchini, the Vice President of CAS (Commercial gentle wind Service), stated that the main goal of the program was to continue running a profitable business age integrating each business unit with the schema. This strategy was the implementation specifically for Vision 2016, on how to bear the challen ges ahead and putting ideas into practice. The entire effort to implement the goals was handed to Chris Kettering, the program director of e-Enabled. e-Enable, which adverse the cost-cutting of retentive term financial strength of BOEING, has revealed Scott Carsons proposal on breaking down sops of chat among antithetic units. In order to sustain the business through cost-management, the problem of this case has been identified as how e-Enabled can aid the program for long-run sustainability. Could e-Enabled provide the advantage that airplanes used to provide? How concrete the advantages were to stretch out the tight competition from other makers, and would BOEINGs transition into services prove to be the silver hummer the solution to the airlines financial woes and to BOEINGs aggressive competition with Airbus?SWOT AnalysisStrengthWeaknessesWorld leading/largest aircraft company, used by many Airlines Company and military. Having full concentration especially more on R&D act ivities/ Wide product and service range, which consists of commercial airplanes, defence work and aerospace The practise of having a heavy financial performance, despite some losses from previous business deals. Strong product and strong technology.Issues of resort (example 787)Problems on labour forces due to committing into large numbers of workers. Communication issue between departments in the company because of thecompany size and high number of staff. In order to stay in business, the company is too dependent with contract with U.S government. OpportunitiesThreatsAircraft demands from other continents.The increased demand for fuel efficiency in aircraft may lead to company to invest in developing efficient aircrafts. Data availability that can be provided to airlines operators, security measures agencies may lead to improvisation on the products. Military expansion in new country ordain requires more aircraft. (Eg U.S invasion to middle-east) The growth of freight transpor t market.Competition arises as reported that Airbus are in pursuit to support services for the military and commercial aircraft sector. New entrants of competitor also exist in defence sector. Uncertain airlines industry environment.The need for lighter version of fuel-efficient planes.Case Analysise-Enabled Advantage strategy was first unveiled in June 2003, the Paris Air Show. Core concept of the strategy, whereby all data and culture system relating to airplane maintenance, flight operations and passenger needs would be seamlessly interconnected to effectively act as the airplane into the airlines network during flight. Through acquisitions, Boeing has increased the value of its e-Enabled campaign by holdings companies that offered different advantages to support its IT credibility of the airline system and established a consumer-friendly website to increase airline technical awareness. The fighting(a) companies are CompaniesSupport TypePreston Aviation SolutionsA Comprehensi ve suite of IT Solutions to need the needs of aviation customers. Jeppesen Sanderson Inc.Provides a full range of print and electronic flight information services. Continental Data computer graphic CorpCustomized information and documentation to airlines including illustrating and editing materials. MyBoeingFleet.comProvides powerful and flexible tools to manage crew scheduling in both regulated and deregulated environments. SBS InternationalProvides IT maintenance and platform stabilityHughes Electronics Corp.Recognized as the world drawing card in, reconnaissance, surveillance, and imaging systems.After the acquisition, the company further their long-reign campaign IT based strategy with e-Enabled to reach customers on feedback of how to rectify the operational quality of Boeing services by introducing ValSim in 2004 (Valuation Simulation), a program that visualized its customers business structure using Microsoft Visio to demonstrate how the CAS Software portfolio adds value to the operations. Efficiency is the core success for natural selection in any airlines industry. When we talk about operational, efficiently is the heart that pumps the life into the core. With e-Enabled, many within Boeing believed that it is the fundamental to deal with the pressures of cost against revenue on demand over supply and aviation competitive market. in any case by looking at its e-Enabled environment, the objective is to ensure integrated solutions to services and product will be realized from time to time. As forecasted by analysts, Boeing will have an average of 5% growth in passenger volume over next 2 decades.Summary & RecommendationsBoeings e-Enabled Advantages has proven thats the functionality of the strategy has strengthen up the companys financial position as well as embedding expose IT solution in aircraft industry. Boeing has proved a strategy that could sustain their organization for many long years ahead, while having a competitive advantage in the airl ine industry especially to compete with Europes Airbus.One of the most talkative subjects coherent with the powerful e-Enabled Advantage is the Boeing 787 Dreamliner. It is a plane that specify the while e-Enabled Advantage campaign, which fully embedded enabled features. Sincethe safety of the aircraft is being questioned from time to time, research and development if Boeing close up has ample time to carry out strategic analysing on the aircraft in order to strengthen up e-Enabled advantage.e-Enabled campaign is a serious campaign, thus full support from other bodies and JVs are required for the sake of e-Enabled functionality. This is to recommend that Boeing should look for more promising companies (as a failover backup) that could support e-Enabled if the current supporting bodies fail to fork up through its standards. Other recommendation that can be described in this study case is to offer certain features or software on a free trial or discounted fee to bequeath airline operator to understand the advantages and scope of e-Enabled services. The awareness and widespread of understanding may need to be improved through not only websites but also other sources of medias.

Has the development of Human Resource Management practices replaced the need for trade unions Essay

According to Phelan (2007, pp. 45-47), handicraft unions were the most powerful giving medications after the industrial revolution. During the 19th and 20th cytosine, steering was largely mechanistic and the position of workers was non felt un slight the force of the song was employed. As a result, the membership to the mass unions increased steadily to 1979 after which a sharp wane is evident. During the 20th century, Donna, Stephen and Roderick (2007, p. 832) report that over one third of all told employees belonged to dole forth unions by 1979 before declining aggressively o 13. % by year 2000. In their view, Gurpreet (2007, p. 85) and Hearnshaw (2007, p. 76) argue that the trade unions decline is an indication of the critical diaphragm that miscellanea must be embraced to create greater value of the production systems. According to Tove, Hammer and Bayazit (2009, pp. 405-406), the unions lacked the postulate sensitivity to their members and held their views towards salaries and job security only.Under this model, unions failed to recognize the fact that if employees were guaranteed what the unions provided, they would lack their value. From their view point, Coca-Stefaniak, Hallsworth and Bainbridge (2005, pp. 361-363) argue that trade unions mandates lacked clear definition and so kept overlapping mingled with semipolitical delineations to employees protection. Consequently, many leaders apply them to settle political scores and stepping stones to power. Indeed, Marlow (2006, p. 54) points an accusing finger to this vagueness in executing their mandates that employees sought to distance themselves.A major question that arises at this point is what is indeed the future of the unions? Though many analysts appear to bend answering the question directly, Pencavel (2003, p. 21) and Blanden and Machin (2003, pp. 121-122) suggest that the unions ordain indeed not fully die, but resilience of their roles will be evident when major problems oc cur. Comparison of kindkind resources managements and trade unions Comparison of trade human being resources and trade unions brings out the picture of deuce negating forces but geared towards achieving the same objectives.To begin with, trade unions were run politically and therefore involved a very wide spectrum of employees they dealt with. As a result, Gill (2009, pp. 41-42) explains it was very stark to address the demands of the different members with ease. On the other hand, human resources management is a discipline defined by clear cut professional outline that have key objectives. Redman and Wilkinson (2009, p. 121) explain that apart from this clear objectivity, human resources managers have a narrower spectrum, for instance, one company or institution, which makes it easier to address concerns of their subjects.The approach and consideration of trade unions as Marchington and Wilkinson (2005, p. 114) pointed out in their study, was based on a competitive model that w as viewed as a major achievement for specific leaders. As a result, other options were locked out a consideration that created controversy with economists and political elites. Marchington and Wilkinson (2005, p. 117) further point out that human resources managers consider conflicts to be critical aspects that must be address carefully in defining a meliorate relationship and ultimately greater productivity.Though Jose and Fernando (2002, pp. 181-182), usance of the term militant when referring to trade unions has received sharp criticism, it is perhaps the correct term. Trade unions main method acting of addressing conflicts was use of strikes and demonstrations. As a result, they resulted to great losses to particular institutions, companies and even nations. Human resources managers however, balance between critical human qualifications, existing infrastructure and overall returns as dictated by the demand and fork up of resulting products.Gill (2009, pp. 41-42) therefore con curs with Marlow (2006, p. 78) that everybody has his own niche and stands a better chance of advancing with ease. Modern roles of human resources a) Staffing and selection The roles of human resources have over the years changed with the rising demand to view employees as a responsive system as opposed to a rigid consideration Farber and Western (2002, pp. 398-399) explains that this role therefore creates a harmonic platform that proactively addresses key problems that necessitated the need for trade unions.Staffing and selection is done on the root word of merits a consideration that give employees great security both locally and internationally. By conducting effective selection, the employees do not feel threatened, but are given a chance to improve on their skills which the organization they work for strongly struggles to retain while others remain opportunistic to outsource (Blanden and Machin, 2003, pp. 126-127). Unions are therefore rendered less essential as job security is indeed very high and payments extremely sustainable. ) Rewarding earnings and motivation management To concur with Gill (2009, p. 90) conclusion, poor rewarding systems formed the basis of unions in the mid-twentieth century. At this time most production were privately owned, but most importantly, they lacked effective competition to trigger better compensation and motivation of their workers. Human resources managements greatest roles are indeed to assess performance, initiate the needed advantage efforts and most importantly reward the best performers.In his theory of human needs, Robert Maslow argued that when employees are guaranteed the needed potentiality for progression towards self actualization, other systems are easily foregone (Gill, 2009, p. 48). Unlike the trade unions that provided only ski tow the salaries, human resources create a roadmap for sustainability a factor that Brewster (2004, p. 371) indicate directly disrupts their consideration for unionization. c) Employees suppuration and simulate When refereeing to the current replacement of trade unions roles with human resources management, one cannot fail to focus on the modelling and development roles.Though trade unions train their members on different aspects of their relationship with their seniors and the employers, greater reference work as Jose and Fernando (2002, p. 189), suggests, is given to human resources managements. As indicated earlier, trade unions lack the necessary specificity on their members who are highly diverse. Due to their smaller nature of operation, human resources have proved to be more effective in that employees are continuously modelled with close supervision with an aim of improving their place in an organization.Jose and Fernando (2002, pp. 188-190) add that modelling sets a clear role model and a definite roadmap to follow in addressing their concerns and issues. d) Negotiating and change management Unlike during the period of the trade unions, neg otiations have taken a central position for all the employees. Brewster (2004, p. 368) explains that human resources management eliminates key bureaucracies and therefore brings the employees closer to the top leadership.Furthermore, human resources management facilitates teamwork to encourage involvement of all the workers in negotiating their views in an organization. To infer greater need for negotiations, Coca-Stefaniak et al (2005, pp. 366-367) argue that internal and external change agents lots propose changes towards improving the welfare of the employees and ultimate productivity of the company. As a result, the need for trade unions to create either a rise in payments or even improved working conditions does not arise. Counterarguments In his view, Phelan (2007, pp. 4-75) suggests that trade unions roles will remain critical despite the current decline. He further points out that though many workers have shifted from the trade unions their need will always be rekindled dur ing the periods of major crisis. During the 2007-2008 monetary crises, many workers turned to trade unions for protection of their jobs. Pencavel (2003, p. 25) cites the political interference in reducing the relevance of the unions. As a result, strength of trade unions will always recur when new political elites with favouring views rise to power.However, the two counterarguments fail to acknowledge the great advancements in technology that facilitate easier detection of workplace problems, faster conference and precise assessment that assists in making the correct decisions to avoid major issues (Hearnshaw, 2007, p. 69). Conclusion and recommendations From the above discussion, this wallpaper supports the thesis statement, the critical roles played by human resources managements that greatly satisfies the customers, improves their earnings, secures their employment, and maintains the correct organization cultures have progressively replaced the need for trade unions. Trade un ions came out as strong movements that were very vibrant during the 20th century when clear professionalism lacked in running businesses and organizations. Human resources management came in with great specialization that is highly proactive and employees driven a consideration that surpassed the major roles of the unions. However, counterarguments presented in the discussion are true and their roles will often recur during periods of major crisis in organizations.

Effect of concentration on Nacl solution Essay

In this assignment we pull up stakes be focusing on one property, which influences the electrical conductance of an garret ascendant. Compounds evict be held by a covalent or ionic bond, which depends on the nature of the bonds. In case of ionic compounds (we also call them electrolytes), the force of attraction is present between the ions, which have reversal charge. One of the ions has a positive charge, which is called a cation, and the other has a negative charge, which is called an anion. This attraction is called an ionic bond. dome compounds1 form crystals in which anions and cations are held together with force of attraction. Ionic compounds are also known as salts mostly. They are usually hard and brittle. They are solid at room temperature and they have high dissolve and boiling points. They conduct electricity in reply beca custom they dissociate into ions when dissolved in urine, which are vindicate to move. These ions carry the electrical charge from the anode to the cathode.Properties of salt solutions, which influence their electric conductance2The temperature of the solution.The magnitude of the charge on the ions.The dousing of the ions in the solution.The liquid used to dissolve the ionic substances in.The size of the ions.I would like to check that how the concentration of the ions in the solution affects the electric conductance of the solution.Aim Our aim is to figure out the answer of the look for question done this experimentResearch question What is the relationship between the conductivity of the ionic solution and concentration of the ionic compound (electrolyte)?HypothesisWhen an ionic compound dissolves in weewee, the ions usually break isolated and diffuse throughout the entire solution. Ions conduct electricity because they are mobile and carry charge with them. In this case, the ionic compound (NaCl) exit be dissolved in water, this causes the ions (Na+ and Cl-) to diffuse in the solution and resulting in them co nducting electricity. It happens because the sodium holds one excess electron and Chlorine is in need of one electron, resulting in sodium giving one electron to Chlorine when they get separated. As a result of this, the Chlorine becomes electrically negative and the Sodium becomes positive. This is the chemical reaction which occurs-NaCl(s) ? ? Na+(aq) + Cl-(aq)When we put electrodes in the solution, the positive ions (Na) entrust emigrate to negative electrode and negative ions (Cl) towards the positive electrode thats how electric current will flow.The conductivity of a solution depends on the concentration of the solution. In water, it is the ions that pass electricity from one to the next. This means that the more Na+ and Cl- contained in water the more electricity is carried, and the higher the conductivity. If the solution of water and NaCl is more concentrated (NaCl in monstrous amount), its electric conductance will be more than if the solution is less concentrated (Na Cl in a little amount). Therefore in my opinion, the greater the concentration of the ions, the more the conductivity of the solution will be.Vari subjectsControlled variables temperature, electromotive force utilize (in this case 10 volts), the electrolyte (Nacl) used with water to make a solution.Independent variables The concentration of NaCl solution and mass of water.Dependant variables Electric conductance measured by an ammeter.Plan for experimentIn this experiment we will be using NaCl solution as the ionic compound (electrolyte). We will be placing the electrolyte in water as to create a concentrated solution. Different amounts of NaCl and water shall be mixed to prepare the solutions, which have unlike concentrations so we give notice compare the electric conductance in different cases. This giving us an idea of how the electric conductance of the solution would change when the concentration of the solution is increased or decreased. So then from the experiment we se at draw a conclusion on how the concentration of a solution affects the conductivity of an ionic solution. dickens electrodes are move and a potential is applied across the electrodes. Then electric current is measured, which passes through the solution. The electric conductance facilitates by the charge on ions. So we can say that the conductivity of the solution is instanter proportionate to the concentration of its ions.MaterialsGogglesElectrodes make of copperLab coat ( 2 sizes available nice and large)5 beakersTissue paperDemineralized water 425 ml in a washbottle as to make it easier to be more faithful while pouring water in the beakersNaCl 75 mlAmmeterVoltage place caterStirring SpoonMeasuring CylinderExperimental coterie-up DiagramSteps of the experiment pr until nowtive precautions1. Wear lab coat to prevent clothes from any damage, which can be caused.2. Wear gawk for safety measures.Checking materials1. Make sure all the materials are present.2. Take out 4 gla ss beakers and set them out on the table.Solutions preparationThe solution chosen is NaCl. In the five different beakers, there will be different amounts of water and different amount of concentrations of NaCl will be hang oned. The amount of water will decrease with the increase of concentration as to keep the same volume of the solution, which is 100 ml in total for all 5 cases.These 5 solutions are prepared in 5 different beakers. We use a measuring cylinder to measure the amount of water and measuring beaker for NaCl solution.1. 1st solution -Take 95ml water in a beaker and then add 5ml of NaCl solution.2. 2nd solution Take 90 ml water and then add 10ml of NaCl Solution.3. 3rd solution Take 85 ml of water and then add 15 ml of NaCl Solution.4. 4th solution Take 80ml water and then add 20 ml of NaCl solution.5. fifth solution Take 75 ml of water and then add 25 ml of NaCl solution.Measuring the conductivity / amount of electricity created1.To measure the electric conductance , we need to first create a circuit by using a pair of copper electrodes. The electrodes are supposed to be placed on an electrode holder, and tightened with clamps.2. Connect the electrodes with a wire to the ammeter and also with the designer supply.3. Immerse the electrodes in the beaker.Note progress the electrodes as far apart as possible (2 3 inches), dont let them associate or the power module will be damaged.34. Now turn on the voltage power supply and make sure to put the current limitation to maximum so that there is no interference at all with the result.Note Do not touch the electrodes after the power supply is cancelled on.5. To control the amount of voltage turn the button to 10 volts, it doesnt matter how numerous volts are applied as long as the value is kept the consistent throughout the whole experiment.6. Monitor the conductivity of the solution for 4-5 seconds on the ammeter until it become stable.Making observations1. Record the conductivity value in your entropy table.2.Make sure to clean the electrodes after victorious measurement.3. Then place the electrodes into 2nd, 3rd and 4th and 5th solutions respectively and record the conductivity in the table for each case.Cleanup1. Empty all the beakers in the sink then wash and dry them.2.Remove ammeter from the electrodes.3.Dry up the electrodes with tissue.4.Place all materials back into the cupboards.Data and Observations get of NaCl (in ml)Conductance (in amperes)Amount of water (in ml)The graph shows the relationship between the amount of Nacl and the conductance.ConclusionThe line represents the conductance.Results Ive presented all my data in form of a graph, it will show the co-relation between the conductivity4 and concentration 5of salt solution. On the swimming axis I have placed the Nacl concentration and on the vertical axis the conductivity of the solution. We can then draw a conclusion after looking at it.After doing the experiment, I can conclude that if an electrolyte is dissolved in water, it completely dissociates into ions and the electrolyte would contribute to conduction of electricity to the solution. In this experiment, NaCl dissociates into Na+ and Cl- ions, which made it possible for water to conduct electricity. The conductivity of the solution depends on the concentration of the electrolyte and behaves differently for different concentration of the electrolyte. As we can see by the graph, if we start increasing the concentration of the electrolyte (NaCl), the electric conduction will be increasing accordingly. So we can get to the conclusion that the conductivity of the solution is directly proportional to the concentration of the electrolyte solution.EvaluationIn overall I find that this experiment went very well. My hypothesis turned out to be as I had assumed it would, as the conductance did increase with the increase of concentration. Although there was skid we did at first, which was creating the wrong circuit by connection the wrong wires which caused the conductance on the ammeter to be show in negative. stock-still we soon figured out our mistake and then re did the circuit after which we got undefeated results.My results are undeviating up to an extent as we tried to make our experiment as accurate as possible. We made sure that no extra solution was left on the electrode holder whiles taking measurements by cleaning them so that the conductance wouldnt be affected. Also we applied the same amount of zilch to each solution so that it wouldnt contribute to the conductance. During measuring the amount of water we took a well accurate account and tried to make sure that there wasnt a big difference.However there were a few things we could have done better to get even more reliable results. We could have taken an average of the readings of the solutions whose conductance kept changing and wouldnt become stable. Also a larger gap could have been taken between the amount of concentrations such that to assist in making conclusions in a much easier way.We tried to consume as less time as possible and were able to finish our experiment in sufficient time. In my view we were also extremely organized in the experiment as we knew exactly what we had to do , and any small mistakes which we made we were able to solve them. honorable testingThere should be reasonable difference in the concentrations of the NaCl solutions used for the experiment to get more reliable result.Keep electrodes for sometime in each solution, and as soon as the reading is stable, billet it down on your table.Stir the solutions flop before putting electrodes into it to make sure that NaCl has mixed properly with water in each case.Clean and dry electrodes before putting them into different solutions.The amount of the voltage applied should be the same in each case.Follow up ExperimentWe are probe on the various factors that influence the conductance of an ionic solution. In this experiment we concentrated on ho w the concentration of a solution affected the conductance. So the follow up experiment should be focusing on another(prenominal) influential factor, which in my view should be how temperature influences the conduction of an ionic solution. I also find this a really interesting topic to continue investigation on. This experiment will give us an even better understanding of conductance and electrolytes.References1. All about ionic compounds. Web. 13 Dec. 2009. .2. Concentration -. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Web. 13 Dec. 2009. .3. conduction of Electrolytic Solutions. UCS Home. Web. 13 Dec. 2009. .4. Experiments in Electrochemistry. Fun Science Gallery Scientific Experiments for Amateur Scientists and Schools. Web. 13 Dec. 2009. .5. Factors impact Electrolytic Conductance Web. 13 Dec. 2009. .6. The HiddenCures G-2 water system Ionizer User Instructions. Google. Web. 13 Dec. 2009. .7. Ionic compound -. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Web. 13 Dec. 2009. .1 Ionic compound -. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Web. 13 Dec. 2009. .2 Factors Affecting Electrolytic Conductance Web. 13 Dec. 2009. .3 The HiddenCures G-2 Water Ionizer User Instructions. Google. Web. 13 Dec. 2009. .4 Conductivity of Electrolytic Solutions. UCS Home. Web. 13 Dec. 2009. .5 Concentration -. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. Web. 13 Dec. 2009. .