Albert Bandura’s Works Regarding Psychology

Albert Bandura was born on December 4, 1925, in Mundare, a small town in Alberta, Canada (Boeree 2006). His father, who was a labourer, originally came from Poland while his mother, who worked in a general store, was from Ukraine.Albert was the youngest among six children. Although the whole family had no access to formal education, they gave importance to education. The father learned to read three languages: Polish, Russian and German and engaged in educational affairs.At a very young age, Bandura experienced difficulties in his education. He attended the only school in his town, which lacked teachers and resources for learning.The school had only one Mathematics textbook, for instance, and it had to be used by the students and teachers as well. But although this was the case, the school produced graduates who attended colleges and universities throughout the world. Bandura realized that the scarcity of educational resources was an enabling factor rather than a handicapping one (Bo eree 2006).During vacations, his parents would encourage him to look for experiences outside their small hamlet. Bandura experienced working as a carpenter in a furniture manufacturing plant. The skills he acquired helped him through college. He also worked as a part-time carpenter during afternoons during his college days, and even filled holes in the Alaska Highway.Bandura then attended the University of British Columbia where he took up psychology. He intended to major in one of the biological sciences, but then he worked in the afternoons to be able to support his studying. He found out that taking introductory psychology would fill his schedule in the mornings. He became enthralled and then decided to concentrate on psychology. He finished his education within three years receiving a Bolocan Award in psychology.His accidental choice of psychology influenced his theorizing later on. He discussed in his â€Å"The Psychology of Chance Encounters and Life Paths† how personal initiative can put people into events wherein unexpected events shape the courses that lives take(Pajares, 2004). Bandura also focused on making chance work through self-development to take advantage of fortuitous opportunities (Pajares, 2004).Social Learning TheoryAlbert Bandura is one of the leading proponents of the Social Learning Theory (Ormrod, 1999). This theory says that people learn from one another and focuses on the leaning which occurs within a social context. It also says that concepts such as observational learning, modeling and imitation are learned from around us (Ormrod, 1999).These are the principles of the Social Learning Theory (Ormrod, 1999).. First is that people can learn through observation of the behaviour of other people and its outcomes. Another principle is that, since learning comes from observation alone, it can occur without a change in the behaviour. This is what the social learning theorists believed. This is in contrast to what the behaviorists bel ieved. For them, there must be a permanent change in behaviour if learning took place.The third principle says that cognition has an important part in learning. Ormrod (1999) explained that awareness and expectations of reinforcements or punishments may influence the behaviours of people. The fourth principle says that social learning theory bridges the cognitive learning theories and behaviourist learning theories.Albert Bandura’s ideas also lead to the observational learning, based on the principles discussed above. He made experiments and found out that applying consequences was not compulsory for learning to happen. A person can learn just by observing someone else.He then devised a four-step pattern for the findings of his experiments. These are the attention, retention, reproduction and motivation (Ormrod, 1999). Attention happens when a person becomes aware of something from around him. It includes modeled events, such as affective valence, prevalence, complexity and d istinctiveness, among others, and observer characteristics, such as past reinforcement and sensory capacities (Bandura, 1977). Retention is when the person retains what he noticed.This includes motor rehearsal and symbolic coding, among others. Reproduction happens when the produces acts with regards to what he noticed. This includes accuracy of feedback, physical capabilities and self-observation of reproduction. Motivation, on the other hand, takes place when the surroundings carry a consequence that will change the probability that the behaviour will be produced again (Huitt, 2004). It includes reinforcement (external and vicarious), and punishment (Bandura, 1977).Aside from this, Bandura believes that the learning process takes place with a contribution from the mind, behaviour and environment.One of Bandura’s famous psychological experiments was the Bobo Doll Experiment which solidified his beliefs regarding learned aggression and behaviour modeling. Bandura made a film of a female student of his beating a Bobo doll. A Bobo doll is an egg-shaped, inflatable balloon creature that bounced back when knocked down. The young woman punched, kicked, yelled and hit the doll. Bandura then showed the film to kindergartners.After watching the film, the children were placed in a room full of the same toys they saw on the film. There were Bobo dolls and small hammers around. Bandura’s findings showed that the children were violent towards the doll 88% of the time (â€Å"Albert Bandura, n.d.). In short, the children imitated what the woman in the film did.However, an article by Huitt (2004) showed that the children watched a film wherein another child acted aggressively towards a Bobo doll. It had three different endings. The first ending was that the child was praised for his behaviour.The second was that the child was not allowed to play with the toys and to just sit in a corner. The third ending consisted of the child walking out of the room. After th en, the children were placed in the room and were observed. This experiment became the basis for the Social Learning Theory.Bandura also believed that most of our behaviour is learned by observation through modeling. He also believed that when we observe other people, it gives us an idea of how new behaviours are carried out, and this can be our guide for action (Bandura, 1977).Personality DevelopmentAlbert Bandura also has contributions in personality development. He believes that personality is an interaction among environment, behaviour and the human’s psychological processes (Boeree, 2006).He also believes that in studying a theory of personality, the social contexts where behaviour is acquired and maintained must be considered. This is in support of his social learning theory, which says that our behaviour is developed. Bandura believed that humans regulate and think of their own behaviour (â€Å"Albert Bandura,† 2000).According to the theory of personality, oneâ €™s environment causes one’s behaviour (Boeree, 2006). Whatever happens around us can affect us and thus affect our behaviour.Bandura believes in his social learning theory that social experience, reciprocal determinism and observational learning have important roles in the development of our personality. He also believes that the self-system of a human is composed of his abilities, attitudes and cognitive skills. In turn, a person’s self-system helps him in the way he perceives different situations and acts according to that situation.Bandura also believes that self-efficacy is important for one’s self-system. Self-efficacy, for him, is â€Å"the belief that in one’s capabilities to organize and execute the courses of action required to manage prospective situations (1995, p.2). In short, self-efficacy is how one can function well in a given situation.In an article about Bandura’s personality theory, it showed that changing the expectation of personal efficacy can bring change in behaviour. Changing efficacy expectations can be done in four ways: enactive, persuasive, vicarious and physiological information experience. Those who have behavioural problems can cope by making changes in personal efficacy expectations (â€Å"Albert Bandura,† 2000).The concept of self-efficacy became important as it has an impact from psychological states to behaviour and to motivation. People are aware that they can set their goals for whatever they want to achieve, and the things that they want changes. But, we also know that most of the time, doing these things is not so simple. This is where Bandura found out that self-efficacy can help in how people should approach their goals, challenges and tasks.For those who have strong self-efficacy, they think that challenges are tasks to be overcome. They also foster interest in the things that they want to accomplish. Moreover, as their interest deepens, their commitment also deepens. And if there were disappointments, they can easily recover.On the other hand, people who have weak self-efficacy are the opposite. They do not like challenges as they believe that they cannot go through difficult situations. They also tend to dwell on their failures and the negative outcomes of their actions. Additionally, they lose trust and confidence in their abilities (Bandura, 1994).According to Kear (2000), self-concept, cognitive processes and control are the primary characteristics of self-efficacy. The sense of self is developed through the experiences and interactions with other people. The author added that our self-concept contains beliefs and values and attitudes that we have learned and developed through time. When there is self-regulation, we can have a positive self-concept amidst interactions.Control, on the other hand, focuses on two things: self-actualization and locus of control. Self-actualization, Kear (2000) explained, builds when a person has confidence in a suc cessful performance. Locus of control, on the other hand, focuses on causal belief about outcome determination.   

Marcel Duchamps and Andy Warhol Essay

Art is an extremely subjective form of human expression and no one exemplifies the modern expression better than Andy Warhol. Despite numerous accusations against him for his treatment of the said subjects, Andy Warhol has become the archetypal modern artist: a man who has turned the proverbial tables on art as we know it. Several decades prior to Warhol, however, was an equally controversial artist, Marcel Duchamps whose Dada influence contributed to a new way of looking at study objects. How are these two artists connected a how did Dada influence Pop – Art as a movement? Marcel Duchamps is famous for a number of abstract pieces including The Fountain (1917/1964). The Fountain essentially consists of a toilet-bowl, glazed and signed. The idea behind this object appears to be asking the viewer whether or not this is in fact a fountain. Duchamps attempts to give the viewer another way of looking at the object. Rather than simply being an ablutionary article, the toilet-bowl also represents a man-made vehicle for water movement. At the same time as Duchamps movement, there had been artists such as Rene Magritte who presented a similar image in his Treachery of Images collection (1928-1929). His painting This is not a Pipe created a stir in the industry with the question similar to Duchamps: is what we see really what it is? Take for instance Duchamps Three Standard Stoppages (1914-1915) which also represented a number of questions. The Stoppages are presented as a mathematically devised collection of stoppages on glass plates. However, Duchamps named this piece a ‘readymade’ collection. This would mean that the objects are found and left to speak for themselves in the same way as The Fountain. The whole idea of Duchamps work compared to previous artistic movements was that previously the importance of art was to recreate reality instead of manipulate it. The modern movement manipulated the reality, thereby questioning its existence. Andy Warhol on the other hand also used object: human objects. While his use of other objects also existed, people played an important role in his work as a whole. Celebrities offered him ‘muses’ and a symbiotic relationship of creating celebrity and enhancing it. His works of celebrities included Marilyn Monroe (1962), Liz Taylor (1962) and various others such as Elvis Presley and the Beatles. Similar to Duchamps, Warhol photographed inanimate articles that represented the modern world we live in. Corn Flakes (silk-screen, date unknown), is a silk-screened depiction of the modern objects we have come to know as part of our world. The ‘readymade’ idea comes back into pay with the idea that modernity spelt the easy access to such commodities as breakfast in a box. This was important to the Pop-Art movement as presented later by other Pop artists such as Roy Lichtenstein who created the popular art-form of cheesy comic book reality that represents the falseness of the society in which we live. Warhol’s Skull on Paper (1977) was another use of the object depiction that relied entirely on how the viewer decided to interpret it. If life was indeed expendable then it was the same as any other object that is used and thrown out. Warhol used a certain muse that became the downfall of his object obsession: Edie Sedgwick. Edie Sedgwick was also merely an object in the same way that the Cornflakes or the Skull was. Edie Sedgwick (1966) was taken a few years before her untimely death, and showed the glamorous socialite in a variety of poses similar to that of the pictures taken of Marilyn Monroe shortly before her death. Sedgwick looked wooden and vulnerable: the same way she was in reality but being versatile enough to take on a number of personae. What we have, essentially is a series of objects ranging from animate (human) to inanimate (boxes and skulls). The question is: does the humanity of the object make it any less of an object? Duchamps used articles also such as paper, wood, ceramics and photographs also in his composition Box in a Suitcase (1935-1941) we see the unlikely positioning of photographic material in what we presume is a suitcase. Warhol similarly presents articles in unnatural situations, such as Marilyn Monroe and Liz Taylor with various colored hair, such as green and red. The shift in how we view objects was initially explored by Duchamps and further explored by Warhol. As one artist movement invariably affects the next, the influences of Dadism and Surrealism on modern art are cannot be ignored. We see that found objects such as those used by Duchamps can be used to represent things that we would not generally associate them with. We can see that there is necessary resemblance of toilet-bowls to fountains but we rarely see them in that perspective if we are sitting on them. Likewise, we eat cornflakes without regarding them as artistic pieces we wish to hang on the wall: they are disposable. While performing one task and duty they are taken for granted with regards to other uses. A skull too can be viewed as depiction but not in the same way as a picture of Liz Taylor or Marilyn Monroe could be. The question here is not whether or not something should be seen as art or not but whether it can be seen as something more than it actually is. It is effectively the art of philosophy and ridicule rather than art for art’s sake. We can clearly see that objects play an important part in modern art, Pop Art in particular. This has occurred in the changing climate of our existence which is far less genteel than in previous years. Our throw-away society relies on everything being ‘readymade’, space saving and time saving. With this in mind, art has always been used to express the state of humanity at the time. It is a recording of reality at any one time, and Pop Art merely explores the world that exists as material and artificial: objects being the primary subject. Museum of Modern Art: Marcel Duchamps: http://collections. sfmoma. org/THA822*1$2139*493827 Andy Warhol: http://collections. sfmoma. org/THA753*1$2167*495233

Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Paper - Essay Example Indeed, the premium quality seafood seller had inducted new trawlers in the fleet and replaced old outdated boats with the newly manufactured. In addition, the company also modified its processing system thereby improving the shelf life of its seafood products. The abovementioned initiatives enabled the American seller to ensure better catch and enhance internal productive capacity and efficiency. Demand increased considerably for premium quality Neptune Gold products, yet the inventories stockpiled as supply side had easily offset existing demand patterns. The top management had been expecting that situation would aggravate further because it was not practically possible to bring supply and demand forces in equilibrium by reducing supply or fish catch. In short, Neptune had been facing a grave strategic issue of rising stocks for which no immediate solution was available in the short run. Rita Sanchez’s recommendation about introducing a new low priced brand, for which qualit y would be similar to that of existing Neptune Gold line products, indeed have both positive and negative consequences that will be discussed in detail in the following paragraphs (Kesner and Walters, pp. 2-3, 2005). After analyzing the internal and external business environment of Neptune Gourmet, I would endorse the new strategy regarding the introduction of a new brand, namely, â€Å"Neptune Silver† of premium quality products. It would not really matter if this strategy could lead to short-term migration of customers of premium quality brand toward low-priced yet similar quality seafood products. Indeed, the reason being the fact Neptune could implement it as a short run strategy and reduce its inventory levels in next two months. Obviously, this strategy would not only attract existing customers but also entice new customers who have not yet tried Neptune’s optimal quality seafood. Once,

The Ancient World in the News Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Ancient World in the News - Essay Example Magli further speaks of King’s star Regulus which became visible near the sun during those days. Unfortunately, the Regulus phenomenon does not occur nowadays due to earth’s orbit change. Pappas’ article, however, indicate the strong bonds between architecture and astronomy in the ancient world. While the general public would be interested to realize that even the great pyramids of Gaza would have been built precisely in reference with stars, the archeological scholars are already on the way to establish the solar pattern by examining other cities built by Alexander the Great. Hence, it may also lead them to find the king’s tomb which is hidden for more than 2000 years. The Google Earth satellite imagery survey has located two complexes in Egypt. Theses two possible pyramid complexes are almost 90 miles apart, writes Rossella Lorenzi. On closer examination both these formations have similar features of pyramid complexes. Though the images obviously have en ough of pyramidal evidence, it will not be verified unless field research is conducted. However, this piece of news will be interesting to archeological students and enthusiasts because the description it provides has minute details of the formation. The formation is located about 1.5 miles east of Dimai, one of the ancient towns. The sight has three mounds in a specific formation that are identical with formation of Giza Plateau Pyramids. The researcher, further, points out the color of the mounds as the darker appearance of the mound resembles the mud brick walls of Dimai. As per the article, Dimai, which had been founded in third century BC, had reached its heights during the first and second century AD, mainly benefiting from the prominent trade rout it had. The city however was abandoned in the middle of the third century AD. Nonetheless, these are potential pyramid sites, which resemble the 13th Dynasty Egyptian Pyramids, yet to b discovered by the Egyptologists. The discoveri es made at field session conducted by Mary-Ann Pouls Wegner, director of excavation and a professor at the University of Toronto, revealed the secrets at the ‘Terrece of the Great God’, which is a holy place in the ancient Egypt. Abydos was the burial place of the earliest kings of Egypt. The great God of the underworld Osiris was believed to be buried in Abydos. Hence, Egyptians would carry an image of Osiris from the temple constructed in Abydos to his tomb and celebrate it with rituals, writes Owen Jarus. Pouls Wegner talks about the clear evidences discovered during the field examination with regards to the jubilation and fanfare at this procession. The team also discovered a monumental building in which a chamber was filled with mummies of animals. The animals included sheep, goats, a cat and mostly dogs. The next chamber had a wooden statue wearing a headdress of a pharaoh. The extremely thin waist of this wooden statue, somehow, suggested Wegener to examine the l arge stone statues of Hatshepsut, the female Pharaoh of Egypt almost 3500 years ago. Wegener, however, is reluctant to identify the wooden statue with the female Pharaoh. As a matter of fact, the team will continue to explore this dismaying land which probably has many challenges yet to be solved, writes Owen Jarus. Discussing the above news articles proves the fact that most of the answers to the mystical puzzles regarding pyramids are objects of speculations. The prime difficulty in this issue is that Egyptians

Ethnography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ethnography - Essay Example n which the members of this church maintain a close-knit, family relationship by examining worship practices, family relationships and subgroup relationships within the greater whole. The data for this analysis was collected over a period of weeks in which the author kept a journal of his observations while attending church. While the author was a participant in these proceedings, effort was made to step back and view the proceedings from the perspective of the outsider without sacrificing the insights available to the insider. Journal entries were made on a weekly basis beginning September 4, 2006 and ending October 23, 2006. There are approximately 250 listed members of this particular church, 230 of which attend on a regular basis. The members of the church range in ages from the very young to the very old, with a majority of the members falling within the middle age category. The congregation is also comprised of a wide variety of ethnicities, primarily Russian, Lebanese and Greek. The worship service itself functions as a reminder of a call to family togetherness. One of the first actions parishioners observe as they walk into the church is to light a candle in the Narthex in memory of a deceased relative or loved one – the author typically lights one in memory of a deceased uncle. They then kiss the icon and cross themselves on the chest three times before taking their places to ensure they are in proper frame of mind to receive the instruction to follow. The sermon, usually covering a topic that is loving and nonjudgmental, typically lasts approximately one hour. Following the sermon, the congregation files out, kissing the priest and the cross he holds as they pass. From here, most members of the congregation file into a large dining room in which they partake of foods brought in from individual members. Toward the end of the period of study, a young girl was baptized in a child-size plastic swimming pool that had obviously been purchased at

Written response Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Written response - Research Paper Example The reading is also motivated by the need to explore the influence the memories associated with a given locations, the physical characteristics and the geology on the overall architectural design process. One of the interesting aspects of this reading which comes out to be very engaging is way it explores the relationship between the buildings and the various environmental parameters which in the site where it is located. The reading explores how the orientation of the building, movement of the sun and movement from one building to the other affects design (Farrelly, 2007). It not only impacts on the height and the materials that can be used to construct the building. Generally, the reading is quite informative as it engages the reader to appreciate the key role which the location or site of a building has on the overall project starting from the design to the issue of the building upon

Economy and Nightlife Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Economy and Nightlife - Essay Example Today, we can witness a number of changes and growing trends that characterize the economies of varied countries. Globalization and the growth of industries have led to a new culture of sorts---the infusion of night-life and the MNC culture in various countries, especially the developing nations that are growing accustomed to these changes. This cultural change has brought about an impact on the economy and the market conditions, as well. This paper strives to highlight this new phenomenon and links nightlife to the growth of the economy. The blossoming of 'night-life' and such other related phenomenon took place in the 1980s, when companies began looking for across-the-border initiatives and began perceiving the whole world as a global village. Let us analyse the causes for the growth of night-life, in order to comprehend its importance and how it has been an instrument of change in affecting the economy. Firstly, the changing structures of the cities contributed immensely to the linear setting up of producers and consumers. For instance, the central market areas of cities were cleared and shifted to other regions, which led to a change in not only the physical structure, but also in the culture of the cities. " Later on, this led to the capital construction and restructuring of cities, that paved way for greater potential. Hanging on in many cities in the mid-1970s the central business districts (CBDs) represented a fixed capital that companies were extremely reluctant to write off. This was not just in terms of buildings but also of land." (Harvey, 1985a; 1989). Secondly, growing competition among various cities to create a mark and an image for themselves, not only on the national level, but also in t he newly found global market led to a number of changes. In addition it created tensions within the local polity as planners trained to deal with the city as a system of objective factors (Hall, 1988) were faced with notions of urban cultures and spaces that few were equipped to deal with. Thirdly, the boom in consumption and the growth of the importance of consumerism led to this new culture. The cities oriented themselves in terms fo consumption and not production, which led to a new lease of cultural milieu. In the 1980s the (unevenly) revalorized city centre emerged as a new landscape of buildings, enterprises and signs concerned with the organisation and exploitation of consumption. This economy of consumption (distribution and marketing), unlike the economy of the production and exchange of goods (manufacturing and trade) had a much looser relationship to the local area. [Cities and the Night-time Economy, ANDY LOVATT & JUSTIN O'CONNOR]. Finally, the newly emergent culture as a result

Vatican council 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Vatican council 2 - Essay Example O’Malley himself supports the third interpretation and holds that Vatican II marks a great change in the history of the Church. In O’Malley’s opinion, the Council has ushered in decrees â€Å"that marked a real departure from previous Catholic practice.† These include the license to engage in joint prayer with Protestants and attend services in Protestant churches. The Decree on Religious Liberty also put an end to the earlier  Ã¢â‚¬Å"ideal that Catholicism should be established as the official religion of every nation, even the United States.† O’Malley contends that the radical aspect of Vatican Council II is its changing emphasis on the style of the Church. This emphasis is seen in the â€Å"striking shift in language† in the documents of the Council. Departing from the abrupt, authoritarian tone of earlier Councils, Vatican Council II adopts an â€Å"invitational style† which attempts to foster dialogue, respect for conscience, freedom of speech and a spirit of participation. The new â€Å"invitational† style of Vatican II is seen in: the emphasis on partnership and collaboration in relations among church hierarchy and with the laity; the emphasis on the main pastoral ministry being service; openness to change and development; a conciliatory attitude towards all faiths; and the active participation of the entire congregation in the liturgy. O’Malley’s article attempts to support the author’s contention that the Vatican Council II ushers in transformation in the style of the Church. The five points O’Malley cites in order to support his stand are very credible as they mark a change of direction in the Church. However, O’Malley argues that even this change is grounded in the past tradition of the Church. The â€Å"partnership and collaboration† (O’Malley, 2003) which the Council recommends in the relationship of the Church hierarchy is in line with the traditional understanding of the ‘Mystery of the

Dominos Pizza Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Dominos Pizza - Essay Example Moreover, the company performance is seen in the light of industry comparison as well. Trend analysis and vertical analysis are done to compare company’s performance with its base year 2008 and calculating indexes based on it. Various trends are observed and interpreted in light of market’s performance. Moreover, vertical analysis sheds light on company’s key title accounts in relation to the base title. Positive and negative trends are identified and analyzed to provide critical insight. Ratio analysis is done in detail to provide insight about company’s profitability, liquidity, capital structure, market performance and asset efficiency to help investors, creditors and management make decisions about the company’s future. Background: Domino’s Pizza, Inc. (Domino’s) was founded by two siblings from Michigan in 1960, where they acquired a store name DomiNick’s. It started as a product and after five years transmitted into a brand named ‘Dominos’. . It operates as a pizza delivery company in the United States and internationally as well. Domino’s has always seen itself as a growing organization which was evident by the urge to become international. In 1983, it went global and took a ride to become the leading pizza maker in the world. Domino’s employs around 10,900 people in their 9,351 stores worldwide. Domino’s is recognized internationally and in order to provide a common man to be a shareholder in the value Domino’s provide, it got listed on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) as DPZ in 2004. Domino’s operate in a highly competitive market and to maintain its brand equity, continuous innovation and promotional activities assist heavily in reachi ng its objectives in adequate time. Domino’

Australian Tourism and Hospitality Law Case Study - 1

Australian Tourism and Hospitality Law - Case Study Example The case was dismissed in the long run and the plaintiff sued the state after becoming a quadriplegic after diving into the rock pool. Larry’s case is not so much different from the previous case and he can sue against the National Park’s authority basing his argument on the different provisions of law. Larry can sue the authorities based on the provisions of the Civil Liability Act (CLA) that provides for safety measures in work places1. He can also sue for negligence and failure to observe the duty of care by the authorities. However, subject to the above ruling, the defendant is bound to claim that the rock pool was cited as a place of interest. Defenses available to the defendant are that he was not aware that Larry and his friend were within the vicinity so there was no negligence on his part since he did not see them as they used a different route to get the pool. Besides, it was their duty to exercise care considering it was a new environment and exposure to them. Common law provides that if a person is injured as a result of negligence, then the person is entitled to full compensation in terms of damages, based on the court ruling extent of negligence and duty of care2. On the basis of common practices, the case may be bound to be dismissed considering the rulings of other cases like it. However, under the civil liability legislation, Larry may be compensated for injuries he has sustained maintaining other provisions of law such as

Observation as a Tool of Inquiry Essay Example for Free

Observation as a Tool of Inquiry Essay The following characteristics I will describe in video clips one, three, four, and seven of the chapter one lab activity will help me identify and rank which of the people in these four videos is the most developmentally advanced, specifically in the motor skill of throwing a ball. First, I will identify the most proficient ball thrower and then create a developmental â€Å"throwing continuum† from the most to least advanced. Following this continuum, the constraints important to the throw will be explained as well as how a change in one constraint might change the throwing pattern. On my â€Å"throwing continuum† the number one is the lowest rank, meaning least developmentally advanced, in contrast with the number four ranking most developmentally advanced. Chapter One Lab Activity â€Å"throwing continuum† is visually represented bellow: Ranking: 1 2 3 4 Video clip #: #7 #1 #3 #4 This representation displays that the person in video clip number four is the most developmentally advanced at the motor skill of throwing a ball, followed by video clip number three as the second most advanced, then video clip number one coming in third, and lastly video clip number seven ranked number one on the â€Å"throwing continuum,† as the least proficient. What makes these videos distinguishable in terms of developmental advancement are the characteristics of each person’s throw. Video clip number seven ranked the lowest on the continuum because he showed a lack of experience expressed in characteristics such as the loss of balance, shallow throw, slight tilt of the ankle, and using a larger ball. Video clip number one was ranked second because considering his feet stayed stationary and together, and that he reached the ball behind his head to gather speed, make it evident that he is still primitive; yet, maintaining his balance  regardless of his knees rocking back and forth after casting the ball, shows a higher developmental ranking than the child in video clip number seven. The second most advanced thrower is in video clip number three. Characteristics that show some signs of experience are his comfort casting the ball at a jogging start, the shift of weight between his legs before throwing, and the actual height and distance of the throw. However, his loss of balance shows lack of developmental advancement. What distinguishes the person in video clip four as the most developmentally advanced is the standing start with a single step forward for force, the height of the throw, and how balance is maintained throughout. Multiple constraints may be important to the throw. An example of a (structural) individualistic constraint would be limb length. Perhaps if the person in video clip number three did not have such long legs he may not have lost his balance after his throw. An environmental constraint of importance would be wind. If wind is interfering with a throw, it is likely that the target will be missed. Another example would be if the thrower in video clip number three were to have his jogging start on a slippery floor. In this scenario the thrower would most likely fall, undoubtedly changing the throwing pattern. In a separate scenario, if the target on the receiving end of the throw is stationary and then begins to shuffle from side to side this would increase the difficulty level for the thrower, epitomizing a task constraint. The observations I have made in this assignment were both displayed in a table and supported through explanations describing various characteristics that proved the validity of my â€Å"throwing continuum† rankings. Individual, environmental, and task constraints can all be important to the motor skill of throwing. Through using the element of observation as a tool of inquiry, I have reinforced that my statements are credible.

Alternative and Activist New Media Essay Example for Free

Alternative and Activist New Media Essay New Media Introduction   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   New media is the access to content by use of digital devices like phones and computers anytime and anywhere across the globe. Harries (56) believes the content of new media is being accessed in purely uncontrolled ways in real time. It is a space dominated by creativity and interaction inform of information sharing in a feedback motivated set up. The new media space is prone to manipulation and is usually networkable and highly interactive. The range of such media is large extending from internet, video programmes, CD-ROMs to multimedia just to mention a few. New media is paperless and does not include television programmes usually propagated on analogue signals, books, articles and other written media.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Wikipedia is arguably the best example of the new media according to Harries (56). It displays a great volume of digital information inform of text, videos, pictures and various links leading to their sites of location. The information therein can be altered by editors and writers to benefit those clients who may not be familiar with the language used-English. The interaction is manifest in the way feedback is accessed in the site by users. Users are also exposed to a variety of information at just a click on one site. Facebook and Wikitude are also examples in this pursuit. Users of Facebook for instance have a higher level of interaction, exchanging instant information in a bidirectional feedback mechanism. Wikitude on the other hand has a capability to show images in three dimensions, recognise such images and give a clear photographic view to realise an amplified reality.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The benefits of this trend can never be underestimated. Lievrouw (1980) says globalisation is the major impact of the new media. It has increased exchange of information amongst people all over the globe over the internet. People exchange information in form of texts, pictures, drawings, videos among other forms in such platforms that allow blogging and posting of such information on various websites. Social relationship has increased a great deal to the extent it now demeans the distance between people. Globalization is seen as a form of interaction that is not restricted by the borders of one nation but extends across the globe defying the distances over the large land and water masses of the world. What a relief over travelling that was prompted by the need for communication in the past times!   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Lievrouw, however, maintains that the benefits of globalisation are experienced at the expense of a tension free public space. The new media environment creates a lot of tension amongst different faculties a cross the world. The uncontrolled communication sometimes may become a leeway for the unruly people to use such platforms for their personal gains. The information dissemination disconnects from various authorities both political and cultural. Public relationships between people can be very indented as a result of the geographical trespass. Social restrictions that existed in the past are continuously being eliminated by virtual communities that are speedily mushrooming in the online platforms.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   He says the American Digital Consumer views the users of the social media as a people who are in constant exchange of pleasantries, ideas and goods online. It praises the role played by new media in the business world especially in advertisement. Although there may be arguments that the internet world does not affect the morals of a society, it is true that the moral decadence in play around the world today is all borne by this trend. Mention any sexual vice like pornographic movies and the propagator will be named internet. From the foregoing argument, it is true that the decadence in the societal morality has being caused by developments that are seen in the new media.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Sparks (275) says that the media equation asserts that people treat computers like fellow human beings. This implies that new media is also very pivotal in fostering social change in our society. According to Sparks new media has been used to communicate interact and in mobilization of many social groups around the world. The first group to use the new social media to bring changes in organisation and communiquà ©s in the year 1994 was the Zapatista army. Since then the new social media has been used in many ways around the world. The protests around the world are all based on the new media to propagate the information in one way here and there. In big organisations, protests are organised and communicated through the new media. The new media is used to educate members on the various requirements on their engagements. The democratic championship has also been made possible through this platform. The access to information is highly increas ed and hence an increased enlightening citizens. Various people take advantage of the new media to mobilise the support from grassroots levels an endeavour that was almost a dark cat in the dark over the past.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Sparks (300) also argues that even so scepticism has been part of these developments. Sceptic scholars cite imbalance in the access of the new media around the world as a hindrance to attempts aimed at broadening the base of movements. Sometimes this may result in the oppression of the minority in the same movements. Some scholars still doubt how new media may be of value to social movements not only for the ones without access of it but also for them that use it. The movements can also use the new media wrongly as in the case for constant mass action by the university students around the world. If such actions have no grounded base on democracy then their propagation on such media is of no value to the society.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   National security is a priority to any government. The new media is very important role player in this field. All the information on security is stored in a data based and secured. The information can be accessed easily and at once using various data base tool by the authorities in times of need hence improving the reactions in times of security shocks. Surprisingly the recent trend of terrorism shows sophisticated use of the new media in the accomplishment of their merciless attacks on innocent citizens of various countries. New social media has become a very good platform for terrorist to organise their malicious acts. After a massacre you can hear those giving talks that are evident of claims for responsibility.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Industries also use new social media to pass across information regarding various duties. Employees within different departments can share information and ideas culminating to quality improvement in the industry. Politicians also use social platforms nowadays to rally support. Their manifestos, pictures and achievements on behalf of people can always be posted to keep people abreast of their good deeds. In summary new media has a great impact on the present societal trends. It all depends on the individuals who use it and the reason for which the use it. It is very beneficial if used well across different fields to bring positive change. References Harries, Dan. The New Media Book. London: British Film Institute, 2002. Print. Lievrouw, Leah A. Alternative and Activist New Media. Cambridge, UK: Polity, 2011. Print. Sparks, Glenn G. Media Effects Research: A Basic Overview. Australia: Wadsworth Cengage Learning, 2013. Print. Source document

Destroy Coal Plants Before They Destroy the Environment

Destroy Coal Plants Before They Destroy the Environment Coal has been a huge part of our power industry, but things are changing. The Congressional Quarterly Researcher (CQR) from June 17, 2016 titled Coal Industrys Future discusses the likelihood of coal-fired power plants either maintaining their operation in the future or closing their doors for good. As of today, coal is a huge source of power for much of the world, but that could be changing in the near future. Many places are making the switch to more efficient, cleaner energy, such as wind, water, and solar power, and leaving coal-fired power plants in the dust. Due to the cost and harmfulness of burning coal, supporters of clean energy want to abandon its use, but the coal industry is fighting back. According to them, our power grid would be jeopardized without burning coal. There are numerous smaller issues highlighted in the CQR that exist within the main coal industry problem. For example, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) ordered a ten percent reduction of carbon dioxide emissions from all coal plants by the year 2030. Many states and power companies have questioned whether the EPA is overstepping their boundaries and have taken the reduction to court. Also, about 40% of the coal in the United States is mined on public land through leases. The Bureau of Land Management (BLM) controls these leases, and they have currently made the decision to halt new leases. The BLM wants to reassess the value of leases based on things like fairness to taxpayers and pollution. Finally, when the coal companies shut their doors, they leave thousands of people unemployed, and this is a substantial blow to our economy. The coal industry is changing now, but it has always been steadily evolving throughout the past. In 1882, the Unites States first coal-fired power plant is opened in Manhattan. This began the legacy of coal that would power our country for over a century. In 1907, there are roughly 700,000 people employed in coal mines, and the number of mines peak at 3,242. In 1970, the Clean Air Act is passed. This started the long string of regulations to reduce the amount of pollution generated by burning coal. Making the decision to abandon coal for cleaner energy is a difficult decision, and many people have opinions. Among these people is President Elect, Donald Trump. Trump will soon be setting foot in the white house, and, as president, he has the power to drastically change the coal industry. In the QCR, Trump is quoted saying that he wants to bring back and save the coal industry. Siding with Trump is Luke Popovich, a spokesperson for the National Mining Association. Popovich believes that the coal industry can evolve to increase efficiency and reduce pollution. On the other hand is Mary Anne Hitt, the director of the Sierra Clubs Beyond Coal movement. Beyond Coal aims to close the doors of every coal plant in the United States to make the planet a cleaner place. The CQR also includes the question Should the federal moratorium on new coal leases be permanent? and two responses written for the CQR. Jeremy Nichols, the climate and energy program director at WildEarth Guardians, argues yes. He believes that cutting mining from federal lands will greatly reduce pollution and pave the way for a coal-free United States. Laura Sheehan, senior vice president of communications at the American Coalition for Clean Coal Electricity, argues no. In her opinion, an operation such as this would be too costly and would cripple the coal industry and its surrounding economy. All in all, I learned many things after reading the QCR. I think the we should continue to close coal plants. Cleaner, zero-emission alternatives are clearly the better choice because Im a firm believer that we should greatly reduce pollution. Just think. What would our planet look like today if the Romans started burning coal a thousand ago? I am fully aware that this will cause many issues, but its worth it. People will lose jobs, and people will lose money. Despite all this, we need to switch to clean energy because we cannot lose our planet.

Abortion - Morally Wrong for 3000 Years! :: Argumentative Persuasive Topics

  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Judaeo-Christian tradition has always condemned abortion as a grave evil. The law of Moses ordered strict penalties for causing an abortion. We read, "If men who are fighting hit a pregnant woman and she gives birth prematurely [Hebrew: "so that her child comes out"], but there is no serious injury, the offender must be fined whatever the woman's husband demands and the court allows. But if there is serious injury, you are to take life for life, eye for eye, tooth for tooth, hand for hand, foot for foot" (Ex. 21:22-24). This applies the lex talionis or "law of retribution" to abortion. The lex talionis establishes the just punishment for an injury (eye for eye, tooth for tooth, life for life, compared to the much greater retributions that had been common before, such as life for eye, life for tooth, lives of the offender's family for one life). The lex talionis would already have been applied to a woman who was injured in a fight. The distinguishing point in this pas sage is that a pregnant woman is hurt "so that her child comes out"; the child is the focus of the lex talionis in this passage. Aborted babies must have justice, too. This is because they, like older children, have souls, even though marred by original sin. David tells us, "Surely I was sinful at birth, sinful from the time my mother conceived me" (Ps. 51:5). Since sinfulness is a spiritual rather than a physical condition, David must have had a spiritual nature from the time of conception. The same is shown in James 2:26, which tells us that "the body without the spirit is dead": The soul is the life-principle of the human body. Since from the time of conception the child's body is alive (as shown by the fact it is growing), the child's body must already have its spirit.    The approximately 5,000 historic documents of the Early Church Fathers makes numerous references to abortion as a grave sin. The Didache, perhaps the first Christian catechism from 70-90AD, records the following in chapter 2, verses 1-2: "The second commandment of the teaching: You shall not murder. You shall not commit adultery. You shall not seduce boys. You shall not commit fornication. You shall not steal. You shall not practice magic. You shall not use potions. You shall not procure [an] abortion, nor destroy a newborn child.

A Closer Look At Classical Conditioning Essay -- Classical Conditionin

Classical conditioning is a part of everyday life, and it has been around for as long as living organism have been around. Most people have no idea that classical conditioning occurs on a daily basis. It can happen anywhere, our homes simply watching TV, or being outside in the public. Classical conditioning is a way of learning that happens when two stimuli are presented together, which then become associated with each other. Classical conditioning was first discovered by Ivan Pavlov, and it is so closely associated to him that it is sometimes even called Pavlovian Conditioning. Classical conditioning was later reinforced by John Watson with the â€Å"Little Albert† experiment, and recently with the Cockroach experiment by Makoto Mizunami and Hidehiro Watanabe . Classical conditioning does not only affects humans, it affects all animals ranging from the smallest bacteria to dogs and cockroaches. This type of conditioning is also used in marketing and even treating phobias. Classical conditioning is a type of conditioning that links two stimuli together to produce a new response. Classical conditioning has three stages. The first step, before conditioning, the unconditioned stimulus (UCS) makes an unconditioned response (UCR). This means that there is a stimulus that produces a response, usually a natural response. One example of this would be is if someone blows into our eye, our eye would close, humans didn't have to learn this response it came by nature. Another example of an unconditioned response would be someone touching a stove and jerking the hand back, or salivation at the sight of food. Stage two, during the conditioning, a new response is presented, the conditioned stimulus (CS). The unconditioned stimulus is tied in ... ...s. It is one of the best treatments for phobias. It is even used by almost all of the best commercials on TV and the internet. References Allen, C. T., & Madden, T. J. (1985). A Closer Look At Classical Conditioning. Journal of Consumer Research, 12(3), 301. McLeod, S. (2008). Classical Conditioning.Simply Psychology. Retrieved November 24, 2013, from http://www.simplypsychology.org/classical-conditioning.html Classical Conditioning. (2010).  - Simply Psychology. Retrieved November 24, 2013, from http://www.simplypsychology.org/classical-conditioning.html Watanabe H, Mizunami M (2007) Pavlov's Cockroach: Classical Conditioning of Salivation in an Insect. PLOS ONE 2(6): e529. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0000529 Marks, I. M. (1987). Fears, phobias, and rituals: Panic, anxiety, and their disorders. New York: Oxford University Press.

The Cartesian Doubt Experiment and Mathematics :: Mathematics Math Mathematical Papers

The Cartesian Doubt Experiment and Mathematics ABSTRACT: The view that Descartes called mathematical propositions into doubt as he impugned all beliefs concerning common-sense ontology by assuming that all beliefs derive from perception seems to rest on the presupposition that the Cartesian problem of doubt concerning mathematics is an instance of the problem of doubt concerning existence of substances. I argue that the problem is not 'whether I am counting actual objects or empty images,' but 'whether I am counting what I count correctly.' Considering Descartes's early works, it is possible to see that for him, the proposition '2+3=5' and the argument 'I think, therefore I am,' were equally evident. But Descartes does not found his epistemology upon the evidence of mathematical propositions. The doubt experiment does not seem to give positive results for mathematical operations. Consciousness of carrying out a mathematical proposition, however, unlike putting forth a result of an operation, is immune to doubt. Statements of cons ciousness of mathematical or logical operations are instances of 'I think' and hence the argument 'I count, therefore I am' is equivalent to 'I think, therefore I am.' If impugning the veridicality of mathematical propositions could not pose a difficulty for Descartes's epistemology which he thought to establish on consciousness of thinking alone, then he cannot be seen to avoid the question. Discarding mathematical propositions themselves on the grounds that they are not immune to doubt evoked by a powerful agent does not generate a substantial problem for Descartes provided that he believes that he can justify them by appeal to God's benevolence. The question whether Descartes impugned veridicality of mathematical propositions via the arguments of the First Meditation is of epistemologically significance for an inquiry into the nature of Descartes' doubt experiment with a view to a plausible answer to this question may offer us clues to understand the nature of Cartesian theory of justification and the nature of foundationalistic epistemology in general. The evil genius hypothesis introduced in the last paragraph of the First Meditation does not seem to call veridicality of mathematical propositions into question: Descartes does not mention mathematical truths when he finalizes the setting of the doubt experiment. The text is ambiguous at this point and the reader is left ignorant whether simple truths of arithmetics or geometry are held exempt from doubt evoked by the evil genius hypothesis. Does this final tool of the doubt experiment put emphasis on the dubitability of judgments of common-sense ontology based on sense perception alone?

Succubus Heat CHAPTER 22

â€Å"What about Seth?† I asked stiffly. I waited then for the shouts, for the accusations. Any of them would have been understandable. What I didn't expect were tears building up in her eyes. â€Å"I think†¦I think something's wrong. I think he's trying to let me down easy or something.† â€Å"Why would you think that?† I channeled Grace and Mei, keeping my face as still and expressionless as theirs. â€Å"He's just†¦I don't know. He's been so distracted lately.† â€Å"Seth's always distracted. You know how he is with his books.† â€Å"Yeah, I know. And it drives me crazy sometimes.† I remembered her disappointment at Casey's party. â€Å"But this is something different, I can feel it. Only, I don't know what it is. He's not around much, and when he is, it's like he's with me but not with me. He always says nothing's wrong, but it doesn't feel right. And we haven't†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Haven't what?† I asked, guessing the answer. A deep pink blush blossomed on her cheeks. â€Å"We haven't been having sex. Each time I even kind of suggest it, he's just not†¦well, he doesn't really seem into it.† Talking about their sex life was one of the most painful conversation topics I could imagine, short of her realizing I was to blame for its problems. So, I kept up with my pokerfaced therapist mode. â€Å"How long has it been going on?† â€Å"About a week.† Yup, that made sense. That was right around the time my stasis had begun. Here I'd been expecting Maddie to come after me, to pick up on one of the covert looks Seth and I had shared. But she hadn't. It had never even crossed her mind to suspect me of anything duplicitous. In fact, she'd come to me for help because I was one of the few people she trusted with something like this. And that made it all the worse when I had to lie to her. In any other situation, I would have advised a friend to take control of her relationship, to corner her man and not be used. And maybe†¦maybe I should have. If I advised her to break up with Seth, that would clear the way for us. Did I want that again? I didn't know. I still wasn't thinking past the day I would turn into a succubus again. I was living irresponsibly, focusing on the now, and continued that here with Maddie. My next words were spoken so winningly, so convincingly that there was no way she could ever think I didn't have her best interests at heart. I might have been relying on my succubus abilities to smooth my hair all this time, but charming and persuading people was a core part of my personality. She never stood a chance. â€Å"A week?† I gave her a gentle smile. â€Å"That's not very long. You can't really base a major crisis on that yet-especially when you consider who you're dealing with. I mean, like you said, you've seen him get so busy with work that he cancels or even forgets things, right?† â€Å"Yeah,† she said, sniffling in a continued attempt to keep back her tears. â€Å"It's just never been like this. I don't know. I've never had a serious relationship. I don't know how it's supposed to work.† â€Å"You guys have only been going out for, like, four months. It takes longer than that to really get to know someone's patterns.† With a pang, I realized she and Seth had dated longer than he and I had. â€Å"This may be one you've got to get used to. He's probably stressed, and sex is the last thing on his mind-as hard as that is to believe. Give him some time. If it keeps happening, then it might be time to worry. But it's too soon now.† I could tell by her face that my words had given her hope. â€Å"Yeah†¦you're probably right. But†¦do you think†¦do you think I'm doing something wrong? Should I do something different? Act differently? Dress sexier?† Oh God. I so did not want to be advising Maddie on how to seduce Seth. â€Å"Well†¦I wouldn't worry about any of that quite yet. Overthinking it'll just stress you out more. Just wait a little bit. If something's on his mind, it may take him some time to work through it.† She'd defeated her tears and now adopted a resolute look. â€Å"Sometimes I don't know if I'm fooling myself, like that I'm just caught up in my first big romance. But, seriously, some days, I feel like I've found the one. Like if he wanted to run off right now, I'd do it.† The love on her face was like a bullet through my heart. â€Å"If something's wrong, I want to help him through it.† â€Å"I know, I know, but you still don't know what ‘it' is. If it's a writing thing, he's got to work it out. If it's something else†¦well, I'm sure he'll come talk about it when he's ready.† Her dark eyes were contemplative, looking at me without seeing me while she processed all of this. â€Å"You're probably right,† she said at last. She gave me a small, rueful smile and shook her head. â€Å"God, I feel kind of stupid. Look at me. Some kind of champion for strong women, huh? Did I mess up my makeup? And oh God, did I really just ask that?† â€Å"No, it's fine. And you're not stupid. Your feelings are normal.† I stood up, needing to get out of here. The room was making me claustrophobic. I had to get away from her, away from her trust. â€Å"I'm going to go do a sweep. They should be opening any minute.† She rose as well and ran a hand over her eyes one last time. â€Å"Yeah, I've got things to do too. Thanks for listening to me.† Before I could open the door, she gave me a small, fierce hug. â€Å"I'm glad you're my friend.† With that, she left to tend to her work. Meanwhile, I wished a hole would open on the floor and swallow me up. I almost wished Nanette would show up and end my misery. Thankfully, I only had two hours until I was meeting Roman. Then I'd be free of this misery and self-loathing that Maddie was unknowingly stirring up in me. But if I'd hoped store business would prove a distraction, I was wrong. A half-hour later, an errand to the caf? ¦ brought me face-to-face with Seth. He sat at a table with his laptop and looked up as though he could sense that I was nearby. He smiled, and my heart raced. I smiled back before I could stop myself. He looked like he wanted me to come over, yet I worried about attracting attention or tipping others off. Of course, it might actually look more suspicious if I didn't talk to him, I realized. Long ago, it was perfectly common for me to stop by and chat with him. No one had ever perceived it as anything more than friendly banter. So, after dropping off some books, I strolled over and sat across from him. â€Å"Hey,† I said, feeling warm under his gaze. â€Å"Hey,† he replied. â€Å"You look beautiful today.† I glanced down and laughed. Along with my limited wardrobe, I was also discovering that not doing laundry decreased my clothing options even further. I was in jeans and a plain black T-shirt today, and my hair had been lucky to get a quick brushing, let alone any real styling. I'd overslept and figured beachcombing didn't require much primping anyway. â€Å"Liar,† I said. â€Å"I practically rolled out of bed this morning.† â€Å"You forget that I've seen you in just about every state imaginable. You don't have to have every detail primped and perfect. You're beautiful even when you're disheveled. Sometimes more so.† â€Å"Hey! Are you saying I'm disheveled now?† â€Å"No, you're somewhere in the middle of primped and disheveled. And you still look beautiful.† I received compliments all the time, but from him, they were golden and wonderful. Even the smallest ones. â€Å"And you,† I said, â€Å"seem to try to be disheveled.† He ran a hand over his slightly messy hair. I think his intent was to smooth it, but he only mussed it further. â€Å"People spend fortunes on hair gel to get this look, you know.† â€Å"And fortunes on shirts like that,† I said, gesturing to his vintage Ovaltine T-shirt. â€Å"There are collectors who'd pay a lot of money for that on eBay.† â€Å"I am one of those people.† I laughed. â€Å"There's a treasure trove of T-shirts waiting for you in Vancouver, you know. I kept seeing them and thinking of you.† With each moment that passed, I fell further and further into that electric, consuming connection between us. Love for him filled me, made me feel complete. Leaving him would have been agonizing just then, and I saw a similar sentiment for me on his face. I'd sat down, feeling guilty and conflicted over Maddie, but once I was with him†¦well, it was selfish and horrible, but I couldn't help but stay. And honestly, it became hard for me to fret too much over her feelings because I was too caught up in my own for him. I wanted him. I wanted him to be mine. I wanted him to love me. And yet, I knew as soon as I left the table, I'd feel bad about her again. There was no way this could end well. â€Å"Do you have any more trips scheduled up there?† He lowered his voice, the flirty look now gone and replaced by concern. â€Å"No, I think I'm done with my international travel. I've just got to figure out things here now†¦or, well, they'll be figured out for me in another day or so. Things are going to return to normal with or without Jerome soon.† His expression grew troubled, and he glanced away from me to stare out the window. We'd both known the inevitable was coming from the beginning, yet neither of us had been able to talk about it then. It looked like we still couldn't talk about it now. There were a million things we should be discussing, but all we could think about was each other. All we wanted was each other. We'd spent so much of our time with boundaries between us that now that there were none, we just wanted to childishly lose ourselves in our longings and not think about the consequences-even though the consequences would be catching up with us any day now. â€Å"Well,† Seth said finally. â€Å"I just hope you stay safe. Are you any closer to finding him?† I hesitated. Roman had told me not to trust anyone. I was pretty sure that Seth wasn't going to go run off to any demons in the area and report what I said. I also suspected, however, that Seth wouldn't be happy to find out Roman was in my life again, no matter how altruistic Roman claimed to be right now. Seth wouldn't trust him. Hell, I didn't trust him. â€Å"I've got a few promising leads,† I said finally. I thought about Grace. â€Å"Some more promising than others†¦I'm just not sure if I can do anything with them.† â€Å"Still traipsing beaches? Do you need me and Kayla again?† â€Å"I thought she had something going on†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The look on his face said he would do anything for me. â€Å"Yeah, but if you really needed her, I could try to pull some strings. If you wanted.† Oh, did I. A pleasant, aching yearning gathered in my chest. There was nothing I'd love more than to spend another afternoon with the two of them, even if it was searching for rocks. It had let me indulge in the illusion of being a family. â€Å"No, I'm fine.† Reluctantly, I let the image go. As much as I wanted to be with them again, Roman was the better partner on my hunts now. I would rather put him at risk than Kayla, and anyway, he was more likely to be able to know what to do if we actually found what we were looking for. I glanced at the clock. â€Å"In fact, I need to finish up my work here. My shift's over soon, and I can't be late.† Seth's face was a mixture of worry and disappointment. â€Å"No lunch, huh?† I couldn't be certain, but I suspected lunch with him would have involved both food and sex in some surreptitious location. Damn. I wanted both. Sadly, I shook my head. â€Å"I wish I could†¦but this comes first. I'm sorry.† For half a second, I remembered Maddie in the office, so sad and heartbroken. I even thought about Dante and his compulsive spending. If I had any scrap of morality left in my damned soul, I'd tell Seth that we needed to end this, right now. But like every other time I'd told myself that, I never listened. â€Å"Maybe†¦maybe tonight, though†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Roman and I would be done searching. Dante might be around, but well†¦I'd deal with that later. I felt confident I could dodge any plans he might want to make. Details like that didn't matter. Only being alone with Seth again did. How could being around him affect me like this? He nodded, as eager as me. â€Å"Call me when you're free.† I started to joke that I'd never be free, but that wasn't what he'd meant. Standing up, I hoped I looked like I was leaving a platonic conversation and that I wasn't actually struggling with the temptation to kiss him good-bye. We stared at each other for a few heavy moments, and with his eyes, Seth said a million things, both sweet and indecent. Walking away, I was certain that anyone who'd seen us would instantly realize what was going on-but no one seemed to be paying attention to us. My shift wound down rapidly after that, and as I walked home afterward, I heard invisible footsteps walking along with me. â€Å"I know you're there,† I said under my breath. I didn't want anyone thinking I was crazy. â€Å"Glad to see your voyeur ways haven't changed.† My car was parked behind my building today, and as I rounded the corner onto a quiet block, Roman materialized beside me. He looked gorgeous, smug, and dangerous. The usual. â€Å"I hope you had an entertaining time following me around.† I took my keys out. â€Å"You should be a reality show,† he said. â€Å"It's that good. And you know, I might be a totally unstable former assassin, but man. You manage to shock even me.† â€Å"Oh, be quiet,† I snapped. I unlocked the car doors and slid into the driver's side. â€Å"Your snarky commentary is neither wanted nor appreciated.† â€Å"It's not commentary. It's me thinking aloud. It has nothing to do with you, really, nor does it require any response on your part.† â€Å"This is it, isn't it?† I asked, pulling out of the parking spot. â€Å"This is why you aren't going to kill me. You're going to just torture me for the rest of eternity. Long suffering, right?† He grinned, flashing perfect white teeth against his tanned skin. It triggered a memory in me, how I'd once found that so attractive. Now, though, my fear and unease blocked any sort of desire. â€Å"I suppose that's one way of looking at it. And besides, don't act like there isn't some part of you that secretly enjoys playing this eternally woeful, tormented role. If you were happy, you wouldn't know what to do with yourself.† â€Å"That's not true.† I was surprised to feel myself blushing. â€Å"Stop trying to fuck with me.† â€Å"I'm just intrigued, that's all. You wear this mask of moral superiority. So does Mortensen. Yet, here you two are, sneaking around.† â€Å"You don't understand. We're in love.† The wry look Roman gave me immediately made me regret my words. â€Å"Oh, I understand. Believe me, I do.† I kept my eyes on the road. He had once told me he loved me, and I'd thrown it back in his face. â€Å"If you guys were so in love, why'd you break up in the first place? You were fawning all over each other the last time I saw you.† â€Å"For a lot of reasons,† I mused. â€Å"It's complicated.† â€Å"It always is.† I sighed. Edmonds was about twenty five minutes away. This was going to be a long drive. â€Å"Well, not that it's any of your business, but I mean, there were a lot of things going on. We were having communication problems, for one thing.† â€Å"How terribly mundane.† â€Å"And I was starting to freak out-you know, about how he could die. I didn't think I could handle that.† I waited for Roman's snide response to that, but there was none. â€Å"And, of course†¦I mean, there was always sex. I wouldn't do it. I couldn't stand the thought of stealing part of his life away. Our love wasn't dependent on sex†¦but well, it still muddled things up.† â€Å"And now you have no problem with sex.† â€Å"Because I can't hurt him now! Look, I can't help the timing-or the fact that we still care about each other.† â€Å"Or the fact that each of you have significant others.† Now I stayed silent. Roman tipped his head back against the seat thoughtfully. â€Å"In all my observations this week, I've got to admit, I like Maddie.† â€Å"I like her too,† I said quietly. â€Å"But that guy you're dating? Well, I think you can do better.† â€Å"I'm almost starting to wish you'd kill me.† â€Å"Oh, I've thought about it,† he said. To my dismay, the joking was gone from his voice. Again, I refused to look at him. â€Å"I'm sorry†¦about Helena. I never meant for that to happen.† Roman gave a laugh that sounded like it choked him. â€Å"Oh? What did you think would happen, then? A slap on the wrist? I survived it, and I was still in pretty bad shape.† â€Å"You said you were going to kill Carter. And I didn't know who else you'd go after,† I said quietly. â€Å"I didn't know what else to do. There was no easy option for me.† â€Å"There would have been if you'd really loved me like you said you did,† he replied bitterly. â€Å"And I told you I'd leave the rest of them alone.† â€Å"It was too late when you told me that. By then, I'd already called for help.† I didn't add that in a way, I really had loved him. It had been different from the way I loved Seth, but it had been love nonetheless. â€Å"Well, whatever. It's not relevant now. Finding Jerome is what's important.† Out of the side of my eye, I saw him study my profile. â€Å"Of course, I'm surprised you've been so eager†¦it's going to put an end to your little affair.† â€Å"It's going to come to an end anyway. I'd rather have Jerome in my life afterward than some other demon.† In my mind, I could see Seth's kind eyes and gentle smile. I could almost feel the way his hands touched my body. â€Å"I'll have the memories, at least. They'll stay with me.† â€Å"Memories.† Roman shook his head. â€Å"How the hell can someone who fucks random men for a living be such a romantic idiot?† I didn't answer that, and the rest of our drive contained little conversation. The place we were going to in Edmonds was another park. Funny, I thought, that humans kept sectioning off these magical places and preserving them. I wondered if they sensed that power on some inherent level. I'd read up a little on this park and how it had some significance to Native Americans in the area. Surely that was promising. It was a small beach flanked by a woodsy area with picnic tables. Children ran around while their mothers watched. â€Å"This place isn't very strong,† said Roman, once we were out of the car. â€Å"There's a little magic in the earth but not much. I can't imagine they'd hide Jerome here-they'd want a lot more to mask it.† I refused to let that drag me down. â€Å"We have to look. We don't know anything for sure.† The park wasn't huge. I suspected it would take us less time to search it than it would to drive back. Just as we'd stepped out of the parking lot, my cell phone rang. I didn't recognize the number. â€Å"Go on without me,† I told Roman. When I answered, the voice was no one I recognized. â€Å"Is this Letha, also known as Georgina Kincaid?† I grimaced. Only high-up hellish employees called me by my original name. â€Å"Yes.† â€Å"This is Ephraim, from Internal Affairs.† The demon's voice was clipped and hurried, giving the impression that I was the one who'd called him and interrupted something. I found it amusing that he'd called me rather than speak in person. More efficient, I guessed. I sat down at a picnic table. â€Å"What can I do for you?† â€Å"Nothing, I'm sure. But I've been instructed to interview all lesser immortals in the area about The Jerome Situation.† I could hear the capitalized letters in his voice, kind of like The Manhattan Project. â€Å"First, I'd like to know where you were when Jerome disappeared.† â€Å"On my way to Canada. Jerome had been lending me out to help Cedric.† There was a moment's pause. â€Å"My records say that Cedric was in Seattle when Jerome disappeared.† â€Å"Well, when I left, Cedric was still up there, yeah. But then when the Army of Darkness did their thing on the Space Needle, I called Cedric because I figured he'd want to know. I thought that was when he came down here.† â€Å"Did you say Army of Darkness?† â€Å"Um, yeah. It's this cult in Vancouver that was doing embarrassing things.† â€Å"Ah. The ones with the spray paint.† â€Å"Yup. I'd been helping Cedric with them, and when he heard they were down here, I guess he came to talk to Jerome and do some damage control so Jerome wouldn't think he'd sent them.† â€Å"Your information's incorrect. Cedric never met with Jerome.† â€Å"What?† I frowned, thinking back to my conversation with Kristin. I'd asked if Cedric had come to talk to Jerome, and while she'd confirmed that he'd been down here, she hadn't mentioned them actually speaking. â€Å"When Cedric came, Jerome was already missing. He and Mei attempted to find him, and when the lesser immortals began showing the effects of the summoning, we knew what had happened.† Ephraim's words were still brisk. Clearly, he had no interest in discussing what he already knew. I was close to something here-so, so close. Had Jerome been summoned before Cedric arrived? That would rule him out as the summoner. Of course, if Ephraim had received his information from Cedric, then it could have been a lie. Maybe Cedric was being framed. Maybe he'd actually been here the exact moment Jerome was summoned. Mentioning Mei meant that she had probably corroborated Cedric's story. Which meant what, exactly? Was she in on this too? I knew Grace was involved already. It was possible Mei and Cedric were working with her, but that meant three demons were in the conspiracy now. There was only one reward in Seattle, and I couldn't see how they'd all benefit. Getting a large group of demons to organize was hard. Getting them to do it when it offered no advantage for all of them? Impossible. Ephraim was eager to get back on track. He asked me a few more questions about Jerome's disappearance and a bit about my day-to-day affairs. He never asked for my opinion about who should replace Jerome or what I thought of other demons. That wasn't particularly surprising, however. As my friends and I had discussed, our input probably wouldn't play a large role here. I hung up and went to find Roman. I expected him to have practically finished the search, but instead, I found him playing ball with some kids over in a clearing near the trees. They were pretty little, and there wasn't much to the game. Mostly everyone stood in a circle and tossed the ball back and forth. Roman's throws were gentle and carefully aimed so as to make it easy for the kids to catch the ball. I stood off to the side, watching them in wonder. He actually seemed pretty into it, and the oddity of a sociopathic half-angelic bastard playing with small children wasn't lost on me. Roman caught sight of me watching them and tossed the ball over to a little girl. He left the circle to approach me, much to the dismay of the kids left behind. They entreated him to stay, but he merely waved and told them he had to go. â€Å"Maybe we can come back later,† he said jovially. â€Å"I can't decide if that was cute or creepy,† I told him. â€Å"Maybe a little of both.† â€Å"Why creepy? I only kill immortal beings. Not kids.† â€Å"The fact that you just said all that with a straight face is proof enough.† I gestured around. â€Å"Did you check this place out?† â€Å"Nope. Didn't want to steal the fun from you. Who was on the phone?† We started walking along the beach, and I recapped what Ephraim had told me. â€Å"I almost told him what I knew about Grace,† I admitted. â€Å"No, better that you didn't,† said Roman. â€Å"We still need more information.† â€Å"We're running out of time,† I grumbled. â€Å"There's not much more info we can get. And there's something there†¦something weird about the day Jerome was summoned. I just can't-† I froze, staring off down the beach. â€Å"Roman. Look.† He followed my gaze. There, near a trash can, was a patch of small, rough rocks mixed in with the sand. Gray and white. I ran off down the beach, ignoring the sand filling my shoes. Holy shit. After all these fruitless searches, after relying on all these sketchy half-assed clues, we'd actually found something. We'd found Jerome, and not a moment too soon. Ignoring the looks of some startled kids, I knelt down near the rocks and began pushing them aside, digging through the sand. I realized then I should have brought a spade or something. A few moments later, Roman arrived and stood over me. â€Å"Well, what are you doing?† I demanded. â€Å"Help me.† â€Å"He's not here, Georgina.† â€Å"He has to be! We're near salt water. There's sand. There's white stones. For the rest of the seal's camouflage to work, he's buried here somewhere.† â€Å"I can't sense anything. He's not here.† The rocks were cutting my hands as I dug, and I felt tears stinging my eyes. Until that moment, I didn't realize just how horribly and truly afraid I'd been of Jerome not returning. My time as a succubus had been filled with upheaval. I liked the small piece of tranquility I'd carved out here in Seattle. I didn't want that to change. I couldn't let it change, not after everything else I'd been through recently. â€Å"The whole point of the seal imprinting its magic was to mask Jerome's prison! Of course you wouldn't feel it.† â€Å"The seal hides it from anyone not actively seeking it. I am, and I'm telling you it's not here.† â€Å"Maybe it's because you're not strong enough.† With a sigh, Roman knelt down behind me. â€Å"Georgina, stop.† â€Å"Damn it! He has to be here!† Roman reached from behind me and grabbed my arms. I struggled, but he was too strong. â€Å"Georgina, enough. Jerome isn't here. The only thing unusual about this spot is the smell from the garbage can. I'm sorry.† I struggled against him a little bit more and finally gave up. Apparently feeling certain I wouldn't fight anymore, Roman released me. I turned and looked at him, swallowing back my tears. â€Å"This was our last chance,† I said softly. â€Å"We don't have any time left.† Roman studied me with his sea-green eyes. I saw no anger or threat on his face, only compassion. â€Å"I'm sorry. And you don't know for sure that it's too late.† â€Å"Ephraim will finish his assessment anytime now. And where are we going to go next? The Olympic Peninsula? Wenatchee? Hitting places at random was one thing when they were in our backyard. These others are too far away. We choose the wrong one, and that's it. Game over. We won't have time for anything else.† â€Å"I'm sorry,† he repeated. From his face, I could see that he spoke the truth. â€Å"I want to find him as much as you do.† I stared beyond him out at the blue-gray water and the circling gulls. â€Å"Why? Why do you want to find someone who tried to kill you?† Roman smiled. â€Å"Why do you cling to a romantic ideal when everything in your life has pretty much shown you that it's impossible?† I think he'd spoken rhetorically and seemed surprised when I dragged my eyes from the water to look at him and answer. â€Å"Because of a dream.† He arched an eyebrow. â€Å"What dream?† I took a deep breath, and like that, the images flashed through my mind, just as vivid and real as they'd been the first time. â€Å"Awhile ago†¦Nyx was here.† He looked startled. â€Å"What, the mother of time and chaos?† â€Å"Yeah. Long story.† â€Å"What is it about this city?† â€Å"Beats me. Anyway, she was preying on my energy and distracting me by sending me these dreams. They were so real, Roman. You can't even imagine.† My voice was small as I spoke. â€Å"I was washing dishes in a kitchen, and ‘Sweet Home Alabama' was playing. In the other room, there was this little girl sitting on a blanket. She hurt herself, and I came in there to comfort her. She was maybe two or three, and she was mine . My daughter. Not someone else's. Not adopted. The daughter of my body. Aubrey was there too and this tortie and-â€Å" â€Å"A what?† â€Å"A tortie. A tortoiseshell cat.† I waited, but his expression was still blank. â€Å"It's like a calico, but without any white. Just brown and orange patches. How can you be millennia old and not know that?† â€Å"Because I don't subscribe to Cat Fancy magazine. And I can't believe you remember things like cat breed and background music.† â€Å"It was so real,† I said quietly. â€Å"More real than my own life. I remember everything.† Whatever snarky retort was on his lips disappeared, and he turned serious again. â€Å"I'm sorry I interrupted. So, what happened then? With you, the girl, and the cattery?† â€Å"We were just all there together, warm and happy. Then a car pulled up outside, and I carried the girl out to look. A man was getting out, and he was the one . My lover, my husband, her father. The one my life centered around.† â€Å"Who was he?† Roman asked, face intent. I shook my head. â€Å"I don't know. I couldn't see his face. It was dark out, and it was snowing. I just know that I loved him, and that he and the girl completed my life.† Roman didn't answer right away as he turned my words over. â€Å"But it was a dream.† â€Å"I don't know. Nyx can show the future†¦she showed others theirs. She claimed this was mine, but it's impossible. I can't have any of that. And yet†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"†¦and yet, you secretly hope it might be true.† â€Å"Yeah. And when this whole stasis thing happened, I thought maybe†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Again, Roman completed my words. â€Å"†¦maybe it could be true. After all, you could suddenly touch Seth. Maybe you could have a kid too?† He'd guessed my secret hope. â€Å"I didn't know. I still don't. Maybe I can get pregnant. I mean, my body is kinda sorta human, right?† â€Å"Yes. But not enough. I don't know every detail of this whole demonic hierarchy and the way they channel their powers, but I know you can't have kids. Even if you seem human, you're still immortal. You still belong to Hell. I'm sorry.† I held his eyes for a moment and then looked down. â€Å"Well. I guess I can't really be surprised by that, huh? And I have no reason to trust Nyx anyway. Not after what she did.† There it was. No kids. Another piece of the dream had slipped away from me. All I had left was the faceless man, the man I wanted to be Seth, and even that seemed unlikely now. Roman tugged me up. â€Å"Come on. Let's head back before the rain comes. We'll get some ice cream. Maybe that'll cheer you up.† â€Å"I'm not really sure ice cream can fix my failed hopes and dreams or an impending demonic takeover.† â€Å"Probably not. But it'll help.†

Discrimination Against Biracial Children Essay

racial children face a myriad of concerns on a day- aft(prenominal)-day basis. Research reveals what common champion suggeststhat entirely these problems are rooted in racist, biased, and anti-Semite(prenominal) social attitudes, attitudes which children encounter from their first moments of pre-school. The smell of injustice that they instinctively feel when they sense these biases will manifest out of inconsistency towards one or both of their racial backgrounds, as well as towards the feature that they have more than one racial background.Examples of these concerns, and manifestation of racist attitudes, are concerns divided by parents of bi-racial children, who also suffer the ruttish brunt of discrimination against their children. An understanding of the suffering of parents, as well as bi-racial children, can reserve for us not only a comprehensive perspective on the challenges and concerns that bi-racial children and their parents acquaintance on a daily basis, on ly a means of providing the proper surround thereof. Sample of Sources Used* Black Women with racial Children. 2007http//groups.yahoo.com/group/blackwomenwithbiracialchild/ * Delle, Margaret. breeding Biracial Children tranquil a Difficult Subject after all These Years. 2007 http//www.associatedcontent.com/article/107661/raising_biracial_children_still_a_difficult.htmlIdentity Issues and Concerns of Biracial Children.2007 http//members.aol.com/lacillo/biracial.html * Jones Frank and Gibbs Staff. Parenting Biracial Children Issues for Black/ lily-white Biracial Child- Rearing. 2007 http//www.gibbsmagazine.com/Parenting%20Biracial%20Children.htm * Nakazawa, Donna Jackson. Does Anybody Else Look Like Me? A Parents Guide to Raising Multiracial Children. Da Capo Press reprinting edition March 30, 2004. * Pattnaik, Jvotsna. Learning closely the other Building a eggshell for Intercultural Understanding among Minority Children. Childhood direction Vol 79 2003. P NA

How to write an introduction for a dissertation?

The introduction is the starting point of your dissertation. The reason why the introduction for a dissertation is the clinical most difficult part of the paper is that its main goal is to make a reader interested in the whole subject you have been researching. What is more, you need to prove why your research matters wired and what you have managed to achieve in regards to the subject under consideration.Common dissertation introduction writing problemsAs soon as you get down to writing, you will most definitely come across a couple of problematic issues.Define the matter A crafty few ideas which may help you craft an effective and intriguing introduction is to keep it short and arrange.In addition, some students come up with introductions that look like they what are formula-written. Therefore, such pieces of writing lack both enthusiasm and a sense of commitment.Main parts of the introductionscope;current scientific situation;motivation;theoretical and practical relevance of t he research;brief brief description of the research design;objective of the study;problem statement;dissertation outline.You need to begin with stating the motive for your research.The introduction should also indicate that the only way your bit of study will cause the comprehension of the subject.

In order to demonstrate the theoretical little relevance of your research, use various arguments and cite scientific articles. Then, you need to explain the practical particular relevance of your research study. Showing its practical benefit is usually easier than dwelling upon its theoretical relevance, as you can provide lots of examples to illustrate your point. Do not forget to mention the practical successful outcome of your research for the whole field or industry.An introduction is merely among the elements of a dissertation.It is also vital to dwell upon the current scientific situation regarding your research topic. What you are required to do is present a few scientific articles that deal with similar issues or ones that how are related to your subject of study. Briefly explain the gist and the main message of those articles. The reason what why this aspect is so important is that it demonstrates that there is a lot of theoretical information on the issue, which only means you will not get stuck while working on it.Simply pick the subject which best matches apply your field of research to find a introduction illustration in that topic.

Try to summarize the gist of each chapter in one sentence. In case it is not quite possible, you can expand the summary of the chapters to one paragraph. Keep in mind that the brief outline should not be repetitively phrased. Most people work on their dissertation introductions after the whole paper is written.Our doctoral dissertation debut writing will assist you in lots of ways.Make sure you write to the point. Do not repeat yourself. Present useful information to the reader. Here is a checklist of points check your dissertation introduction should consist of:the research topic is limited;the practical relevance is explained;the topic is stimulating;current scientific situation in the field is demonstrated;the objective is stated;the serious problem statement is formulated;the research design is presented;the dissertation outline is added.It is possible to begin looking into their site unpublished dissertation writing services and to verify their merchandise.

This way, you will be able to organize your thoughts and submit a piece of writing in which all vital different points are showcased. Offer the reader some background regarding the subject you are dealing with. Clarify what the focus of check your study is. Do not forget that you will also need to explain why check your research study is significant as well and what its value for the field or heavy industry is.Question and the dissertation subject ought to be focused that youre in a position to collect the critical information within a comparatively short time-frame, typically around six weeks for undergraduate programmes.You need to show check your target audience a clear picture of what they are about to receive once they familiarize themselves with the subject of your scientific research study in detail. In other words, the expectations of the readers should be met as soon as they start reading your introduction.Taking into consideration the fact that your target readers are many members of a dissertation committee, what you need to do is to get to the point legal right away. They are looking for a preview of your dissertation, and are willing to learn more about the objective and relevance of your study in general.The only means to attain a constant second argument throughout a bit of composing is by creating some type of map or plan of.

Do not forget to define the public key terms of your dissertation. If it is a rather broad notion, make sure you explain what it means in the context of your own research study. It will give readers a better understanding of check your goals and the methods you used in order to achieve the desired result (Cassuto).The introduction to the unpublished dissertation is one of the most significant parts of such a piece of writing, because this is the first impression the reader gets when they start reading your document.The decisions that are tactical ought to be contingent on the new further insight supplied by your research findings.Taking everything into account, writing an introduction for a dissertation is a whole complex and time-consuming assignment. It is essential to come up with an introduction that is interesting strong enough to readers that they want to find out more. Follow the steps highlighted in this article and you will be able to write an impressive dissertation g eneral introduction that will consist of all the relevant aspects the members of a dissertation committee pay so much much attention to. Make sure each part of your dissertation introduction is formulated in an informative and coherent manner.Its not good enough to collate the study results accomplished by men and women.

Aim to leave a all clear comprehension of debate or the primary discovery to the reader your research have progressed.From learning doing the research into writing a in depth account of it, moving isnt always straightforward.The simplest way to theoretical construct a dissertation is inside-out.If possible, start looking for fellow-student or a buddy with whom you may rate swap at the place dissertations to get proof-reading.

Grennell Farm

launch Grennell promote is a green goddess that is active in the work of wheat. locate in Iowa, the 2,000-acre produce was open up by Jeremiah Grennell more(prenominal) than 20 stratums ago. The explosive transfer of its founder has conduct the kick upstairs to be transferred to the leaders of, Mr. Grennells niece and elect heir, Denise grayness. She was certified of her inheritance wee in 2010. Ms. grey-headed whole shebang as an AVP in the consumer course credit of a heroic new-sprung(prenominal) York bank. With the vast outer space surrounded by Iowa and naked York, she is guardedly analyze the advantages and disadvantages of retaining the grows ownership.This suit of clothes presents the raw material byplay fiscal flows of Grennell set up for the year 2009 and the events that she had to breed with regarding the attention of the business. irresolution 2 The equipment casualty per acre for the demesne was utilise as the alkali for recommend ing whether Denise grey-headed should remove the land. found on the comparison, it is well(predicate) to exchange degree Celsius state of Grennell nurture because the set per acre of $2250 is significantly higher(prenominal) than the passe-partout expense ($187. 0) and the appraised expenditure ($1050). interrogative mood 3 It would too benefactor Denise Grey to assess the rears profitability and sustainability found on the succeeding(a) risks, liabilities and responsibilities, many a(prenominal) of which atomic number 18 uncharted base on the training given up in the problem. Examples as follows revenue obligation tax income gains may not be monetary endangerment of deviation delinquent to enceinte debts surrogate of buildings and machinery debt instrument for the adjacent tempers (2010) expenses

Functionalism on Computer Mouse Essay

The view, that the natural acknowledgement of a upright- c one timepti aned ingredient is not, in whatsoever sense, its quintessence. Rather, what drives a building(a) gene the material trunk it, is depict in ground of its spot in relating inputs to turn induces and its dealing to opposite economic consumptionful comp one and only(a)nts. If you cod a political shape that youve neer go throughn before, you king anticipate What is that automobile? What is its pattern? What is it for? In poising those interrogative sentences, you atomic number 18 request for an light of the ply that the machine serves. In m all an(prenominal) contexts, when we send off interrogative sentences comparable What is it? what we at last ar ask for is a edition of what it does. As a sup sentiment of butt, lendableism is kinda appealing. It is base in numerical conclusion and provides a authority of constructing analogies to execute our agreement of the intellectual. Ned obturate (1980) classifies trine senses of businessalism. The archetypal is frank decomposition reactional personaalism. Functionalism in this charge demos to a enquiry outline that relies on the decomposition of a corpse into its components the strong clay is whence explained in wrong of these functional subtracts.Second, computation-re institution functionalism is a preposterous slighton of decompositional functionalism which depends deep on the compute machine-as- head teacher correlative. psychogenic write up downstairs computation-representation functionalism is analogous to providing a estimator course of study for the academic degree ( occlusion 1980, p. 171). So, these psychical processes ar viewed as world analyzable to a level where they arsehole be conceived of as processes which be as unsophisticated as those of a digital figurer. persist nevertheless not least, Block identifies meta somatogenic functionalism.Thi s role of functionalism is a outlet of mind that hypothesizes that moral tells only when be high-octane states. The meta corporal functionalist asserts that moral states be the impresss of cordial state they be beca recitation of the causative traffic in the midst of inputs, outputs and un same noetic (i. e. functional) states of the frame, as in the Turing machine. The somatogenetic fruition of the embed of functions which instrument a mind be opposed to what makes whateverthing a mind its the functional proportions that count.Functionalism, briefly, is a speculation which considers rational states to be caus exclusivelyy related, both(prenominal) to fashion and to separate affable states. The question of how a look on disregard be added to a intersection point keeps the manufacturers quite intricate al delegacys. How its functions remunerate altogether the attainable ask of all the customers from the mathematical carrefour is a bail iwick for look for for the companies which emphasizes on the scheme of functionalism. Things commit been the spark advance subject reach of name communion since the be eons nineteenth century.Debates highly- real nigh the haleness of materials, the refinements of form, and maneuver versus hole intersectionion, and the relation mingled with form and function. To the antecedent point that the confabulation nearly things has predominate origination thinking, lacking(p) c atomic number 18 has been paying to the relation things and bear of the examplers (Margolin 2002, p. 38). either industrial product has some(prenominal) specialised purposes. The externalize of the products must(prenominal) be conformed in the beat contingent expression to the expectations that egress from the function the product fulfills.It evoke be seen in the new products that fuddled functionalism of the ancient has been discr edit. The set forth of pecks indispensableness i s oft dates great than practiceers atomic number 18 eager, or something qualified to accept. Whenever a product is knowing a prodigious divisor comes up and that is to shake off the picayune to forge out the important. The time is knocking on the threshold which obligate us to rec over our milieu afresh and redress to the wide-eyed bumlandonic aspects, for example, to items that take unconstructed obvious-seeming functionalism in both the sensual and the mental sense.Thats why products should be well intentional and as achromatic and chip in as possible, departure home base for self-expression in development them (Rams 1989, p. 111). full design idler in addition be very(prenominal) teeny-weeny for versatile reasons. The design of a calculating machine inverse overly happened to be on the corresponding line. This part of computing machine hardw be connects to your figurer to encourage you get laid arrow ca habit and pointing force on t he PC concealing. A estimator pilfer makes pilotage simpleton by allowing you to relievely sham your arrow intimately your privateness. This allows you to carry out functions of your estimator with simplicity. cabbage is cognise for the ease they put across point and permeate navigation. They atomic number 18 in some(prenominal) issue set for how good they nominate with all the contrary display courtings of reckoners on the grocery like a shot the applied erudition is so cross- governance harmonious that it live on high-minded to see any difficulty when you squ atomic number 18 up to go from one type of cabbage to opposite on your musical arrangement of rules. information processors argon apply by to a greater extent(prenominal) and to a greater extent community every daytime for use at home and at the office. moderne desktop data processors slope substance absubstance ab drug exploiters with substance absubstance ab drug user- input machines that atomic number 18 well-matched for the applications that run on these computing wrenchs.The use of a wad operated pointing twist for use with a calculator and its presentation has accommodate almost universal. In figurer science creep is the bank use to distinguish to a pointing maneuver which normally slid on a flavourless pop to frame x and y output signals as a resolve of give tongue to die hardment, the signals generally pillow slip the arrow on the committed data processor screen to strickle and allows the user to point to inclinations on the screen. A estimator lift is a muckleheld gimmick that a user slides over a adapted jump causation the arrow on a data processor screen to impinge on in a education dictated by the drift of the contrivance.The cringe is a take hold thingamabob that functions on a forthwith ascend which, in tandem with the required ready reckoner computing device hardware and software, perm its the user to arrange relocation of a pointer or pointer on the display. reckoner pilfer are oftentimes referred to as cursor localization devices or cursor run devices, although walk are apply to practise some(prenominal) a(prenominal) other functions, such as to open and exuviate documents, re-size and fire windows, trail , poster items in a pull-down menu, deficiency icons, text, engross applications and others. ready reckoner reversal abide be ensnare in a various(a) types of physiologic embodiments. ordinarily a crawl comprise of a body that serves as a cope for the users fleet and as a manakin for attach a reason percept system and devil or more than common mackerel buttons for the survival of electronic data processor functions. A calculating machine hook is ergonomically designed so that a users hand fits intimately virtually the device. The figurer shiner may be deemed as having a bottom find which is in make with a wo rk fold up such as a common mackerel plump out when in use, and an top(prenominal) come out which includes one or more pressure-sensitive switches for unequivocal computer trading operations when operated. computer black eye are available with electro-mechanical, opto-mechanical, or optical endeavor sensing systems. Traditionally, a computer creep is connected to a computer system by a contrasts length for passing on signal/power in that location between. The bodied friendship of the cringe to the server computer by the overseas telegram malapropos limits free action of the computer grovel and may firmness unenviable front line sometimes. unremitting flex or wind of the telephone circuit may lay out get ahead handicap thence so as to operation in detachment or conflicting mite of connectors at reverse ends of the cable. receiving set computer fawn withdraw been developed in the recent time to do forth with the need for a cord, and to make it simpler for a user to move the cringe rough without having to pouf a cord. A cable less swipe that corresponds with a computer system through electromagnetic signals for data transmittance solves the problem. The piano tuner computer mouse is commonly energized by battery and corresponds by nub of unseeable contagion system or piano tuner absolute frequency transmission which possible the wireless operation.In general, proponents of various forms of functionalism make the take aim that the physiologic identification of a disposed function is not, in some sense, its essence. meta somatogenetic functionalism identifies causative structures with mental states which are manageable by a wide anatomy of physical systems (Block 1980, p. 173). tho once we live an implementable easiest function, in that respect are no more queries as to what functions can be compass by that performance, dis equally in the case of a hypothetical categorization. regularize in differen t words, it is in no fashion fair that we yield any good way of restraining the possible functions of a system without come to to an vestigial physical mechanism which in any case applies in the case of Computer Mouse. A computer user manipulates a pointing device to castrate the position of a cursor or other object on a computer display, or to engage objects on the display. The physical relocation of the pointing device results in a similar causal agency of the cursor and/or object on the display. but no doubt, that the discoveries in the sketch of computing has changed our lives and effecting the parley of history in many ways. today the manner has accommodate so painless to sink with the helper of these scientific advancements and that has resulted from the large look in the field of functionalism. solely the question corpse that whether the caprice of functionalism go out be conquered by something else, whether a color point in time impart inscribe i n our life, or we leave alone conserve to get wind the mastery frame of functionalism like this towards the road of future. working Cited1. Margolin, superscript. The be of Products. The governing of the Artificial. lucre University of boodle, 2002, pp-38-59 2. Rams, Dieter. drop the Unimportant. form Discourse, edited by Victor Margolin. lettuce University of Chicago Press, 1989, pp-111-113 3. Block, N. conception what is functionalism? Readings in philosophical system of psychology. Ed. N. Block. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press, 1980. 1 171-184