Carlos P. Garcia Term Paper

PRESIDENT CARLOS P. GARCIA A TERM PAPER PRESENTED TO MS. EMELITA P. SAMALA HISTORY plane section UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS ALFREDO M. VELAYO COLLEGE OF ACCOUNTANCY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR PHISTPG 1ST SEMESTER S. Y. 2012-2013 BY potassium ANGELES SHAIRA BRAVO AIA CHAN ANA DOCALLOS SEPTEMBER 24, 2012 INTRODUCTION Carlos P. Garcia is the eighter from Decaturh chairwoman of the Philippines and the fourth part professorship of the Third Re general of the Philippines subsequently he succeeded the re chief(prenominal)ing eight months of the marches left by Pres. Ramon Magsasysay after dying from a plane crash.He was chair again after winning the 1957 election. He was genius of the presidents who has been exposed to authorities for long and open had umpteen experiences. He has been a governor, congressman, senator, and wrong-doing- president. Indeed, he is integrity of those educated presidents, proven by a Law degree. Even to begin with he was preside nt, he has already sh proclaim his willingness to make Philippines a better kingdom. He was one of those who helped in collaborating with USA to seek for assistance solely for the retrieval and reconstruction of the Philippines from the war.The highlights of his nerve were the Philippine First insurance (which is verbalise to be what he is discernn for), Austerity Program (that didnt became that successful), BohlenSerrano Agreement, and many more. They state that the main focus of his administration is to improve the economy of the Philippines and make it self-sufficient to other countries from its look ats. Can we really consider former Pres. C. P. Garcia one of the scoop out presidents of the Philippines? Did his programs and impartialitys benefited and make Philippines a better dry land? Did he fulfill scrupulously all his duties as a president? permit us know more about the economic policies Pres. C. P. Garcia has made for the improvement of the Philippines. But p rimary, allow us discover who Carlos P. Garcia before he became a president. BIOGRAPHY Carlos Polistico Garcia was innate(p) in Talibon, Bohol on November 4, 1896. His parents, Policronio Garcia and Ambrosia Polistico, were both natives of Bangued, Abra. His father, Policronio was a sailor and farmer who became the town mayor of Talibon for fifteen consecutive years. While his mother, Ambrosia was a devout Catholic and an exemplary housewife who was proficient in confidential information(a) the novena or prayers for the patron saints.He had four brothers Leoncio, Cosme, Cipriano and Lucio and one sister named Primitiva macrocosm him the indorsement to the oldest. Garcia pursued the primary course in the Talibon Central Elementary take aim during the school year 1903-1904. His first teacher in Spanish and the rough-cut was Catalina Auguis Torrefiel (Maestra Talina). Lucio Alingasa, Sr. was his first teacher in English. He completed his childlike education in Talibon graduat ing at the head of his kinsperson in 1910. He then studied in the Cebu High School completing all the second of the secondary course.His father Policronio, advised him to become a public school teacher in the belief that at the age of 16 he was yet too young to pursue his studies. After devil years of teaching in the public schools of Trinidad and Ubay, he resigned to continue his studies. As a classroom teacher, he was low regular status at P25. 00 per month. He took his third year secondary studies at Silliman Institute in Dumaguete, Negros Oriental. In his senior year in high school, he heady to return to the Cebu High School graduating as class valedictorian in 1916.It was during this time when he win the Carlock gold medal for excellence in oratory. He was once an editor of the school paper when he was in the Cebu High School. He was at the same time a newsman of Cebus weekly newspapers in English. He took truth at Philippine Law School, now Philippine College of Crimin ology in the school year 1919-1923. He was permitted to pursue the rectitude course because at that time a propaedeutic law course was non required for admission. He obtained many titles and won prizes in different contests. In 1919, he was elected president of the starter class.He was alike elected speaker pro-tempore of the Junior House and senator of the Junior Senate. He became escritoire of the law schools Club Cervatino, member of the Lex Club, and the 1921 superior of the Callaghan prize in oratory. In 1922, he was awarded the West Publishing confederation prize for obtaining the highest general average during his first year in the College of Law. The attorneys cooperative Publishing Company Prize was awarded to him as law class valedictorian in 1923. He had been recipient of the Malcolms four-year law course scholarship prizes for academic excellence.He finished the Bachelor of Laws degree in 1923, at the Philippine Law School as Valedictorian (magna semen laude). H e set(p) 7th in the bar examinations of 1923 despite in force(p) illness, obtaining the highest rating among the Manila law class valedictorians of that year. Rather than practice law right away, he worked as a teacher for two years at Bohol Provincial High School. He became famous for his poetry in Bohol, where he earned the nickname Prince of Visayan Poets and the Bard from Bohol. He started his political calling on 1925.In 1925, he was elected as sexual relationman of the third soil of Bohol and served for three consecutive terms. In 1933, he was elected as governor of Bohol. He was elected as a senator in 1941, but his assistant was interrupted by the war in the Pacific. But he did non surrender and he did not serve in the presidency sponsored by Japanese of the Philippines. He joined the guerillas and went to the mountains. He was married to Leonila Dimataga on may 24, 1933. Leonila was cognise as Inday, a native of Opon and a professional pharmacist. They had scarc e one child named Linda Garcia-Ocampos.When the Commonwealth government was re-in press outd, he reassumed his position as a senator and became the Majority Floor Leader. He participated in several missions to upper-case letter to work for the approval of the Philippine Rehabilitation and War Damage Claims. He was a delegate to the World Conference at San Francisco to draft the founder of the United Nations Organization in May 1945. He was elected again as a senator in the 1946 elections. When he was in the Senate, he was chairman and member of numerous key committees, among them government reorganization, abroad affairs, public works, troops and navy, and justice.He was alike a member of the Senate Electoral Tribunal. From 1947 to 1953 he was vice president of the Nacionalista party directorate Garcia He was the running mate of Ramon Magsaysay in the presidential election of 1953. He was appointed Secretary of Foreign Affairs by death chair Ramon Magsaysay, for four years co n circulating(prenominal)ly serving as vice-president. As secretary of immaterial affairs, he negotiated to Japan to end the nine-year technical state of war between Japan and the Philippines, leading to an agreement in April 1954. He maintained the strong ties with the United States and stood for opposition of communism.He acted as chairman of the southeasterly Asian Security Conference held in Manila in kinsfolk 1954, which led to the development of the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization, known as SEATO. He was in a conference in Australia when President Magsaysay died in an planer accident on March 17, 1957 in Cebu. He became his successor, having been elected vice president in November 1953. He became president of the Philippines starting March 18, 1957 and lasted for eight months. In the elections of 1957 he won over three other candidates and became fourth president of the republic since its independence in 1946.He exercised the Filipino First Policy, for which he was kno wn and popularized the Buy Filipino program. This policy heavily favored Filipino stemmamen over foreign investors. Programs were initiated to improve Filipino production. He as well as encouraged the renewal of interest in Philippine culture. He as well as initiated what has been called The Austerity Program that characterized his administration. However, he was criticized for his travels at the time of Austerity Program. He was accused of graft and rottenness which had damaged his image. He was defeated in the 1961 presidential elections to Diosdado Macapagal partly due to these ontroversies. Garcia lived as a private citizen in Tagbilaran, Bohol after his defeat from the election. Garcia was elected delegate of the 1971 Constitutional Convention on June 1, 1971. The convention delegates elected him as the President of the Convention. However, just days after his election, he passed away. He died because of heart attack on June 14, 1971 in Tagbilaran City, Bohol. Garcia beca me the first president to film his remains lie in-state at the Manila duomo and the first president to be buried at the Libingan ng mga Bayani. STRENGTHS OF HIS ADMINISTRATIONCarlos P. Garcias significance in the Philippine history is that he has made Philippines to be one of the innovative countries in Asia during his administration. Philippines was just recovering. And because of this, Pres. Carlos Garcia made programs that helped Philippines, especially with its current situation. He dictum the strike for economic independence because Philippines depended on products from the States although they can produce with their own. Among these is the Filipino First Policy that is said to be the most significant act during his administration.It gave Filipino businessmen opportunities to widen their business and provide for the Filipinos. Their products were preferred more than import ones and was habituated more priority. through with(predicate) this act, topical anaesthetic product s were expanded and favored. This gave way for the Philippines to supply their own personal need for everyday living and it also helped in improving the economy that time. He cute the Filipinos to provide for their own so there would not need imports from foreign countries. Thus, it would lessen their expenses.One of the Filipino businessmen who was benefited with the Filipino First Policy was Filemon Rodriguez, who founded a management company and became the co-founder of FILOIL, the first Filipino-owned oil refining company. The tint of his administration was to make Philippines a self sustaining and in restricted realm. in addition one of the strength of his term is that he was able to revive the culture. He placed an emphasis to our culture because colonization took over and he felt that he needed to revive it. This helped the Filipinos to know their own culture and to be regal of it.He awarded some Filipino artists, scientist, historians and writers to encourage them. Alt hough there were many economic problems arising, Pres. Carlos P. Garcia managed his country well enough. He was able to prioritize Filipinos and made laws that would gain the economic growth in the Philippines. Pres. Carlos Garcia did his part for the improvement of the Philippines. He promoted our local products and at the same time promoted it worldwide. It showed how oft he is really aiming for the improvement of the lives of his Filipino good deal. The Garcia administration supported the local industries.He was able to shape and have Philippines to its unspoilt condition. Stated below are some of the achievements of Carlos P. Garcias administration. ACHIEVEMENTS on that point were many achievements made by President Carlo P. Garcia. These are as follows As secretary of foreign affairs, he opened formal reparation negotiations in an hunting expedition to end the nine-year technical state of war between Japan and the Philippines, leading to an agreement in April 1954. During the Geneva Conference on Korean unity and other Asian problems, Garcia as chairman of the Philippine delegation attacked communistic promises in Asia and defended the U.S. policy in the Far East. In a patois on May 7, 1954, the day of the fall of Dien Bien Phu, Garcia repeated the Philippine tie-up for nationalism and opposition of communism. After much discussion, both official and public, the Congress of the Philippines, finally, approved a bill outlawing the Communist Party of the Philippines. Despite the draw exerted against the congressional measure, President Carlos P. Garcia signed the said bill into law as Republic Act No. 1700 on June 19, 1957. With this legislative piece, the sustained government campaign for peace and order achieved considerable progress and success.He also acted on the BohlenSerrano Agreement which shortened the lease of the US Bases from 99 years to 25 years and made it renewable after every five years. President Garcia initiated what has been cal led The Austerity Program. Garcias administration was characterized by its austerity program and its pressing on a comprehensive nationalist policy. On March 3, 1960, he affirmed the need for complete economic freedom and added that the government no longer would tolerate the dominance of foreign interests (especially American) in the national economy.He promised to excite off the yoke of alien domination in business, trade, commerce and industry. Garcia was also credited with his role in reviving Filipino cultural arts. The main points of the Austerity Program were 1) The government would tighten up its controls to prevent abuses in the over shipment of exports under license and in under-pricing as well. 2) There would be a more rigid enforcement of the existing regulations on interchange shipments. 3) Government imports themselves were to be restricted to essential items. 4) The government also would wither rice imports to a minimum. ) An overhauling of the local transportati on system would be essay so as to reduce the importation of gasoline and spare parts. 6) The revenue enhancement system would be revised so as to attain more equitable distribution of the payment-burden and achieve more effective collection from those with cogency to pay. 7)There would be an intensification of food production. President Garcia exercised the Resolution No. 204 also called as the Filipino First Policy, for which he was known. This policy heavily favored Filipino businessmen over foreign investors.From the word itself, Filipinos and local products were prioritized more than foreign and imported products. Local enterprises were also given assistance. It also encouraged the Filipino businessmen to be part in the economy in the Philippines. through this, the country was able to provide their own needs and lessen the imported products from foreign countries. In line with the Filipino First Policy, he also made Laws for local Industries like the Republic Act 2207 that i s about the rice and Corn Import Ban that prohibited imported rice and corn by any corporation.This helped the local producers to broaden their business. The effects of these are shown with the informations we have browsed. Since its enactment in 1958, new Filipino-owned business organizations continued tosprout. Total corking investments of new Filipino businesses in 1958 was only P108,831,000whereas the Americans had P2,537,000. By 1959, new Filipinos businesses investments move toP143,012,000 and those of the Americans declined to P2,433,000. In the 1960, the trendcontinued. Filipinos had P157,631,000 and Americans had P1,375,000. Although, investments of newAmerican businesses rose to P2,881,000 in 1961, those of Filipinos still had the bigger advantage with an increase to P209,398,000. Not only that, his administration increased the employment rate and decreased the unemployment rate too. There is no perfect administration. President C. P. Garcia also face many controvers ies. Which will be discussed in the next. WEAKNESSES/ ISSUES/ CONTROVERSIES During the time of Carlos P. Garcia, he made the policy called Pilipino Muna. In this policy as stated above, he wanted to steer away the country from a colonial dependence.He limited the imports so that the domestic industry would be encouraged and its production will increase. Magsaysay is a Business oligarch. He restricted foreign proprietorship so that the Americans could only own 40 % of the business. Compared to the countries that can be considered progressive, this policy the foreign owner restriction, is not a good policy if you want your country to make your country progressive. The only mistake Carlos P. Garcia made during his term is for being an anti-US business platform. And due to this there were many who criticized him and there is also much hearsay about that.Many people hated Garcia just like Macapagal, who said that Garcia was just using economic nationalism to cover up the corruption on hi s own government. The policy Filipino First by Garcia should have been first consulted to the Americans. This policy hurt the Americans, which are why they are against the administration of Garcia. During Garcias administration, theres constantly a room for misconstrue between Garcia and foreign business importers (especially Americans) that thought that the aim of this policy is just a cover up of his fallacies. And this resulted many oppositions to Carlos Garcia.One of these is the American CIA, who again be amiss the objective of Garcia. Thats why the US disliked Garcia and wanted some other Magsaysay. And his Magsaysay that will be the follower of Americans that will agree on some(prenominal) the Americans want. And its Diosdado Macapagal, vice president during the time of Garcia, who is the next opponent of Garcia on the 1961 elections. CONCLUSION Throughout Garcias administration, he was faced with a vast challenge, specifically in its economis issues. He stated the prob lems and made solutions to fix this.Philippines was dependent to foreign countries, resulting to some disadvantages like higher exchange rates. He was known for Filipino First Policy. It was because he wanted Philippines to be independent, industrialized, self-sustaining and wouldnt rely to anyone but themselves for everyday needs. He didnt tolerate foreign and imported products because he wants local firms to expand nationally so that local stocks would increase and will help in the economy growth of the Philppines and hence he was successful because employment rate increased, there has been imrovement and growth in the economy.He was able to make Philippines in a good shape, but not in best. Also through his Austerity Program, he tried to lessen and if possible, eliminate graft and corruption that was exisiting in the past administration and also to his as well, and also to teach moral values to the leaders of the country. Garcia was also known as he revived Filipino cultural art s. At the end of his term, Garcia was criticized by many because they say that programs were not enough for the usual people. That is why he lost the elections to Pres. Diosdado Macapagal. VALUES LEARNEDEverything you do, there are people what you love to do. Just like Carlos P. Garcia, he was hated by the Americans by helping his fellow Filipinos. (Kelvin Angeles) The value that i wise to(p) from Carlos P. Garcia is to love my own country. He emphasized nationalism. He was the one who exercised the Filipino First Policy, wherein Filipinos where given priority over foreign investors. He passed bills that made the Philppines more peaceful and inorder. He gave importance to the Filipino businesses and gave them the economic freedom that theyve wanted for a long time.He taught me to patronize local goods over imported products, which i unremarkably buy because i thought that it was stronger and safer to use. He taught me to give importance to our country and be proud to be a Filipin o. (Shaira Bravo) I learned that the environs you grew up really affects the way you act and think. Former Carlos P. Garcia grew up in a middle class family that enabled him to study in school. Having also a father that was a farmer then became a politician, he saw how the poor and the rich lived and acted. He was opened to a broad surround and saw the world not a simple place to live.He learned that this world composed of different class of people and each class had responsibilities to perform service in the country. This knowledge led him to take up public service as his life career. He lived his life serving Filipinos. I also learned that Garcia was a man that lived with his principles. He fought for what he knows right for the people. He was a symbol of nationalism and an epitome of country and justice. (Ahiah Chan) I can say that by doing this term paper, I have browsed the Speech made by former President Carlos Garcia. And in the reason part, I read thisBut man is finite an d beau ideal is unbounded and eternal and so we need Him in all our national efforts. Let us therefore pray for His guidance and mercy and that He rear with us forever and fill our days with the abundance of His blessings. For His Kingdom is a Kingdom of all ages, and dominion endureth throughout all generations. They shall publish the storage of the abundance of His sweetness and shall rejoice in His Justice. (Psalm 144) With Him nothing is impossible without Him nothing. I thank you. It tells me that in whatever we do God will always be with us.Anything is possible if we keep on believing in God. Pres. C. P. Garcia did not forget God and he put his trust on God so he would be successful in attaining all his plans for the Philippines. Also in His Austerity program, he focused not only in the economy but also for the values of the Filipinos, teaching them to be thrift, to be efficient, to save money, and to live simply, avoiding luxurious materials. It showed that he was also a fter the ethical motive of the Filipinos. (Ana Docallos) REFERENCES Carlos Garcia. (n. d. ) Retrieved on Sept 17, 2012, http//www. cribd. com/doc/72422288/ CARLOS-GARCIA Carlos P. Garcia. (n. d. ) Retrieved on September 18, 2012, http//www. scribd. com/doc/37537872/ Carlos-P-Garcia Carlos P. Garcia biography. (n. d. ) Retrieved on September 18, 2012, http//www. bookrags. com/ biography/carlos-p-garcia/ Carlos P. Garcia. (n. d. ) Retrieved on September 18, 2012, http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Carlos_P. _Garcia Philippine Economy under President Garcia. (n. d. ) Retrieved on September 16, 2012,http//www. scribd. com/doc/36176205/Philippine-Economy-under-President-Garcia